Prevention Plan for Divorce Before Marriage Essay

Phuong Ho Prof. Janice Falbert CDFS 321 Section 9 Personal Relationships Wellness Philosophy Paper (PRW) Fall 2012 Marriage is one of the most essential factors of human life. It creates the basis for everyone to pursue a better, healthier, and happier life. However, it is the fact that there are more and more couples marrying and then ending up with divorce, and this rate is increasing faster year by year. Actually, all the divorce cases are originated from some of the forms of emotional illness that gradually appear in each partner during the time of their relationship. It is good to cure these forms of emotional illness to solve the martial problems of the specific patients. However; it is absolutely the best when the original†¦show more content†¦It focuses directly on the fight against the mental illness created during the process by helping patients develop the abilities to avoid stress. Primary Prevention focuses mainly on groups of patients but for the specific problems that those groups obtain. To get a wider and deeper view of these concepts, let get back to the original Preven tion. The fact is that the perception of Prevention is not new at all. The ideas that mental distress might be prevented and eliminated happened a long time ago, back to the ancient time. However, the fully attainable concept of Prevention as a Public Health treatment was recently developed when the number of serious mentally ill patients as well as divorces goes higher and faster. Prevention provides strategies that not only help all the patients take part in avoid illness and promoting health, but also enlighten the misunderstanding and wrong claims and opinions about emotional distress. Really, there were any people bringing on the ideas saying that major illness is surely in large part genetically determined and is absolutely not preventable, at most modifiable. Prevention proves that these ideas are wrong and that mental problems are not such diseases that can be hinted to any microorganism or DNA thread. They are actually troubles derived fromShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Marriage Preparation And Premarital Counseling Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The importance of marriage preparation and premarital counseling has increased in the United States as the divorce rate continues to remain high.† (Larson et. al., 2002 p.233) Marital dysfunction and dissatisfaction are among the top reasons couples have sought out divorce. With the rate of divorce rising, it poses a question what marriage and family therapists can do to help lower the divorce rates and help couples develop healthier relationships. †¨ Premarital prevention programs were implementedRead MoreMarriage Is A Difficult Proposition934 Words   |  4 Pagesand maintaining a marriage covenant is a difficult proposition. Couples find it easy to fall in love, dream of a future together, and make commitments that they intend to keep. According to divorce rates, however, it is easier to say, â€Å"I do† and â€Å"until death do us part† than to cultivate the skills tha t are required to remain committed to a lifelong marriage relationship. According to, Goodwin, Mosher, and Chandra (2010), research has shown that approximately one-third of marriages in the USA end upRead MoreThe On The Gender Machinery1638 Words   |  7 Pagesjoined a demonstration against GBV. The national committee is made up of government institutions, UN agencies both national and international organisation and are against GBV. There are also established regional GBV committees for national action plans, in its implementation of UN security council resolutions (UNSCR). Which are being made up of civil society organisations and traditional religious leaders globally (kjkljlk). In the wake of the war, Sierra Leone has developed a â€Å"Truth and ReconciliationRead Morestudent1399 Words   |  6 PagesTRADITIONAL MARRIAGE HAS OUTLASTED ITS RELEVANCE. Marriage isn’t an invention of man. God instituted marriage as a continuation of His work of creation. According to Gods plan, man and woman together, form the unit of humanity. A man or a woman alone is only a half of an entirety. Sadly society is steadfastly moving away from moral purity; due to lack of tradition and morality, which should have been instilled throughout each generation, but instead being persuaded into doing things that it believesRead MorePremarital Sex1352 Words   |  6 Pagesaffect children who are born out of wedlock? Should there be consequences for having children out of wedlock? These questions plague America today as more and more people choose to disregard long-standing social traditions of abstaining from sex until marriage. Since the Sexual Revolution, attitudes about sex have changed dramatically. Gone are the days when it was a social norm to marry and then have sex which naturally led to having children. The number of traditional families (hu sband and wife withRead MorePreventing Divorce And Its Effects On Society3587 Words   |  15 PagesPreventing Divorce In society today, there are many issues we face without any direction. Divorce is a leading problem that impacts families and communities around the world. In the United States, a divorce occurs every 30 seconds, and this is expected to increase over time. What if there was a way to prevent these rates, or even stop them from happening? What we know, is that divorce is very problematic; however, brushing up on its history, focusing on the present state, and learning how it hasRead MoreLater Adulthood Development Report1234 Words   |  5 Pageschanges in role and social position during this stage. One will also compare living accommodation such as accessibility and the need for health care. Also one will illustrate the adjustment and transition from work to retirement. What changes occur in marriage, family, and peer relationships? Lastly one will identify social policies that affect the older adult. The older adults face several problems. In our society they have a role less role. It is important to find a role for older adults. Some olderRead MoreEssay on Causes of Depression in the Millennial Generation1523 Words   |  7 Pagesand mental maturity. However, in her book Generation Me, Jean M. Twenge addresses that â€Å"being young has not always carried such a high risk of being anxious, depressed, suicidal, or medicated†. She tells that between only 1% to 2% of Americans born before 1915 felt depressed at least one time in their life; considerably less compared to today’s 15% to 20% of Americans (105). In previous generations, serious depression heavily affected middle-aged adults; however, within the Millennial generation, depressionRead MoreLife Is Like A Box Of Chocolates1625 Words   |  7 Pagesget is going to teach you something along the way and make you the person you are today. That s the exciting part - it s an adventure in itself†. According t o the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average worker currently holds ten different jobs before age forty, and this number is projected to grow. Forrester Research predicts that today s youngest workers will hold twelve to fifteen jobs in their lifetime. In class we received an assignment about career planning. I constantly dream about livingRead MoreEssay about Divorce: Ensuring the Wellbeing of a Child3743 Words   |  15 Pages For my research, I have chosen to explore the discussions regarding the various ways in which children are affected by the divorce of their parents. Divorce is a hard time for all parties involved, but many people are unaware of the full extent of issues that it can cause for those that are not directly involved- the children. Also, many of the negative affects divorce presents can, in fact, persist and become long-term. Most parents realize that their separation takes a toll on their children

Education and Students - 1205 Words

With advancements in technology, some students have chosen to complete their schoolwork through the Internet, rather than in traditional classrooms. Those who support a traditional classroom approach to learning argue that it provides more of an opportunity for students to interact with the teacher and other students. Those who feel that learning over the Internet is better argue that it allows students to learn anytime and anywhere they choose. Do you feel education is better provided in traditional classrooms or when offered over the Internet? Write an essay to be read by a classroom teacher in which you persuade the reader that either traditional classroom education or Internet-based learning is better. With advancements in technology,†¦show more content†¦Write an essay to be read by a classroom teacher in which you persuade the reader that either traditional classroom education or Internet-based learning is better. With advancements in technology, some students have c hosen to complete their schoolwork through the Internet, rather than in traditional classrooms. Those who support a traditional classroom approach to learning argue that it provides more of an opportunity for students to interact with the teacher and other students. Those who feel that learning over the Internet is better argue that it allows students to learn anytime and anywhere they choose. Do you feel education is better provided in traditional classrooms or when offered over the Internet? Write an essay to be read by a classroom teacher in which you persuade the reader that either traditional classroom education or Internet-based learning is better. With advancements in technology, some students have chosen to complete their schoolwork through the Internet, rather than in traditional classrooms. Those who support a traditional classroom approach to learning argue that it provides more of an opportunity for students to interact with the teacher and other students. Those who fee l that learning over the Internet is better argue that it allows students to learn anytime and anywhere they choose. Do you feel education is better provided in traditional classrooms or when offered over the Internet? Write an essay to be readShow MoreRelatedStudent Education And Student s Education2237 Words   |  9 Pagescrucial to a student s education and focus. The school’s environment could not be meeting the needs of the student. This could lead the student to become distracted, or disruptive. The way that teachers deal with distractions and disruptions could have a negative impact on the focus of other students. This may also have a negative impact on the education and future of the disruptive student. Schools are not structured to deal with disruptive students, which negatively affects students who are tryingRead MoreEducation : Education For International Students1310 Words   |  6 PagesEducation for International Students in America Nowadays education plays one of the main roles in the world’s society, because it could be the guaranteed way to succeed. There are no doubts, that education gives empower and an individual opportunity to achieve goals for lives. People who are more highly educated are more likely to get higher paying jobs. Plus, well-educated individuals have more respect from others rather than those who have not finished a college. Usually supervisors are interestedRead MoreEducation For Students With Disabilities803 Words   |  4 Pagesdetermine the best way to teach students with disabilities. As more children with various disabilities, and other impairments learn with â€Å"typical† children, educators continue to learn how to include these students in their classroom. There are challenges and benefits that continue to emerge for educators, children with disabilities, and their non-disabled peers. However, the educational system would agree that education for students with disab ilities has improved greatly. Students with disabilities in inclusiveRead MoreStudents With Disabilities And Their Education1305 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude students with disabilities in general education classes. There are a lot of concerns of whether or not full inclusion is appropriate for all students, how you address certain concerns, how to communicate and involve parents and a lot of other things. Everyone has their own personal views and why they feel the way they do. The controversy will always remain on the topic of students with disabilities and their education. I am slowly starting to form an opinion on whether or not students withRead MoreStudent Education and Assessment854 Words   |  3 PagesLesson Plan Social Studies Topic: Transportation Description In this lesson, a Pre k class with inclusion of special education was expected to discuss and identify different types of transportation. The teacher started by telling the children how she got to school every morning. The teacher got practical by showing the children a pretend steering wheel as a motivation. Then the children were then asked to name some of the ways through which they got to school and around the neighborhoodRead MoreEducation For The Everyday Student Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesEducation to me is should be enjoyable, but most students today feel as though they are just being taught so that they can take a test. I am strictly against this method of teaching because even though the teaching is straight forward and getting across what the student needs to know, they aren’t truly learning. Before coming to this class, I truly didn’t know there where really other types of learning for the everyday student than what I was going through. It opened my ey es to two types of philosophiesRead MoreCaning: Education and Students1432 Words   |  6 PagesCaning is a common form of punishment that has being used to solve discipline problems among students in schools now days. There are many cases about the caning in schools has been reported. These problem occurs because of the discipline problem in schools is increase and cannot be control by teachers and they think only cane is the method that they can be used to fix the indiscipline problems among students. Caning should not be considered as a most effective method to appropriate with problem ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Student Education761 Words   |  4 Pagessupported with computerized lessons, such as those offered by online tutoring programs, has been found to improve student performance (Clark, 2014). This study found that it works across all academic domains, but they found a great success in mathematics. With an increase of student performance, it also improved on higher order thi nking skills and problem solving strategies in students (Clark, 2014). Another study conducted by Mann, Shakeshaft, Becker, and Kottkamp, 1999, showed with time spent onRead MoreStudent Development In Higher Education. Student Development1323 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Development in Higher Education Student Development theories provide foundation for higher education and student affairs professions and practices. The theories are applied to help address and understand student needs, design programs, develop policies, create healthy campus climates, and encourage the positive development of students (Patton, Renn, Guido, Quaye, 2016, p. 7). The use of such theories in this case cannot only encourage student growth, but a successful resolution processRead MoreInclusion Of A Special Education Student1243 Words   |  5 Pagesan effect on including: the students with disabilities, regular education students, teachers of regular education students, and the parents of students with disabilities. With each group of people, there are many who are for inclusion and many who are against inclusion. Everyone has their own thoughts and opinions and it’s important to hear what each side has to say to help all students in education. If students with disabilities are isolated in the special education classroom, they aren’t being

Drama Essay Hedda Gabler Example For Students

Drama Essay: Hedda Gabler Often, members of the audience will identify or sympathise with one character in a play over others. By what means have playwrights in your study managed to draw or undermine such responses to characters from the audience.  Henrik Ibsens 1890 play Hedda Gabler is a tragic tale of a young womans struggle in finding her place in life. Hedda Gabler (Hedda Tesman) is trapped in a life with a loveless marriage, absolute boredom and a complete lack of friends. For this we sympathise with her for she has no real hope in life or anything to aspire to in the entire world. Ibsen includes crucial moments in the play where the audience realises Heddas extremely unfortunate life and therefore sympathises with her. He does this by the means of using direct speech, stage directions and detailed setting. All of which display entrapment for Hedda. Through these various means, Ibsen displays the entrapment that Hedda finds herself in, which, in turn draws a sympathetic response from the audience. The audiences first impression of Heddas life with Tesman is a poor one, summoning sympathetic feelings towards Hedda. Not long after Hedda appears in the play, Tesman receives his old slippers in a package from Aunt Julle. He is overjoyed with the sight of them and excitedly shows them to Hedda to which she replies Oh yes. I remember, you often spoke of them while we were away. If Tesman speaks of old slippers on his honeymoon often enough for even Hedda to remember shows the audience what an absolute bore Tesman is. Traditionally, honeymoons are meant to be full of love and romance. Hedda and Jorgens honeymoon however included searching through library and apparent constant mentions of an old pair of slippers. Even in this early stage of the play, the audience already feels sorry for Hedda as she is now trapped in a clearly loveless and incredibly uninspiring marriage. Ibsen uses direct speech to display the utter boredom and entrapment caused by Heddas marriage, invoking a sympathetic reaction from the audience Ibsen displays Heddas entrapment by the use of direct speech, showing the audience that even a character can realise the hopelessness of their situation, invoking an empathetic feeling toward Hedda. We can see Heddas true desperation for power and control of her own life so she can reflect power on others when she says I want, for once in my life, to have power over a human beings fate. Heddas clear anxiety of not being able to make a difference to someone as well herself is shown here. She worries that she has no purpose in life, that she wont be able to change someones fate or ever be able to control her own. Heddas direct speech raises a concern from the audience for her as we understand her emotional pain. She is obviously desperate and just wants to belong somewhere where she can make a difference to someone. The use of direct speech allows the audience to see what the character is really thinking and get a deeper insight of their emotions, intentions and personality. Here, we can identify her situation of entrapment in her life, making it easy for the audience to be sympathetic towards her. When Hedda is sitting with Lovborg and Mrs. Elvsted, she wants Lovborg to have a glass of punch, which he blatantly refuses. She replies with so I, poor thing, have no power over you at all? This direct speech is possibly ridiculing her ability to empower someone as she can not even persuade a man to drink a glass of punch. Her situation is ridiculous. No matter what in the world she does, she has no influence on anyone whatsoever. For this, the audience feels sorry for her as her desperation to have an influence on someone continues to be depleted to the extent where she cannot even get someone to have a drink. Clearly, direct speech is an effective way to reach the hearts of an audience. .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 , .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 .postImageUrl , .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 , .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9:hover , .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9:visited , .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9:active { border:0!important; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9:active , .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9 .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u668e8f4606c462ec9b95a44093c947e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death Of A Salesman (Success) EssayThe setting used by Ibsen largely contributes to the audiences understanding of Heddas unquestionable hopelessness and entrapment. In the beginning of Act 3, before any dialogue, a description of a rather sinister setting is given. The curtains across the middle doorway are closed as are the curtains in front of the glass door. We can see here that she is almost literally being cut off from the outside world. Through glass, come light, warmth and nourishment. Here, the curtains are shut, blocking these things out from reaching Hedda. This clearly displays the entrapment of Hedda as she is seemingly oblivious of the outside world and all t he good that comes from it. She is stuck in her dark house, with little hope of over finding the light, warmth and nourishment she needs. For this, we feel very sorry for her. In the fireplace there is a measly fire which is now nearly out. Fire, in this sense is representing hope for Hedda. But seeing as the fire is nearly out shows that Heddas bad luck wont turn into good any time soon. The audience hypothesises that there will be much more drama to come. The audience is compelled to feel sorry for Hedda as her troubles are obviously not over. Being idealistic, the audience wants her to get a lucky break and to overcome all her troubles, but the quickly disappearing fire shatters any hope of that. For her quickly disappearing hope and her evident entrapment invokes a very sympathetic feeling from the audience towards Hedda. Ibsens setting for the start of Act 3 achieves a magnitude of compassion and sympathy towards Hedda as the audience realises her unfortunate situation in life is clearly going to get worse. Ibsens stage directions play a very important part in the play, especially for the events in the final act that confirm our sympathies toward Hedda. In the final and tense moments of the play, Hedda, while in another room to everyone else, shoots herself in the temple, killing her instantly. This is given by the stage direction A shot is heard within. It could be said that this was Heddas final act of desperation to achieve a free and fearless action and to escape her inevitable fate of entrapment in her seemingly pointless life. All she ever wanted was to be free which meant that she could even live at last. It is sad and incredibly ironic to the audience to think that committing suicide is the only way to achieve this. This short, simple yet important stage direction reveals Heddas utter desperation for freedom and how she is willing to do anything to achieve it, compelling the audience to sympathise with her It can be seen that Ibsen uses direct speech, detailed settings and stage directions in such a way that it compels the audience to sympathise with Hedda. Direct speech shows primarily the entrapment she so obviously feels and it unmistakably illustrates her complete lack of power, which she despises. It also shows the complete boredom she feels when around Tesman, who pays no attention to what she really wants. The setting description displays her entrapment using symbols of fading hope. The stage direction ultimately shows her sheer desperation to escape this deadly entrapment and how she will do anything to become free. Henrik Ibsen has used all of these elements to successfully draw out a sympathetic response from the audience towards Hedda Gabler.

The Secret Life Of Bees Essay Example For Students

The Secret Life Of Bees Essay Do you ever feel like you are holding someone back if they always have to worry about you? You may feel ashamed or you may not care if they worry for you. In the story, The Secret Life of Bees, Sue Monk Kidd indicates that the character, May, feels like she is holding everyone back. April’s death is a blow to May who starts acting like an immature child. The rest of her sisters, August and June, lived with May in the pink house due to their worry of her sensitivity and empathy towards others in pain. Since May is a sensitive person, all who know her are concerned about her constantly, including her two sisters, who was not able to move on with their lives. We will write a custom essay on The Secret Life Of Bees specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now May was holding everyone back.May is a loving, sensitive, and open person to everyone. When she sees someone in pain, she immediately feels their pain it’s as if it is happening to her. For example, when April got a toothache, May’s gums started feeling swollen just like April’s. Whenever April is in trouble or gets injured, May could feel her pain. August mentioned that, â€Å"When April died, something in May died, too. She never was normal after that. It seemed like the world itself became May’s twin sister† (97). To May the world is like her twin sister whose pain she can feel when something happens out there. For instance, when a man named Mr. Raines was killed by a shotgun, May becomes upset tearing her blouse open and starts slapping her arms and scratching her face as she cries. Sometimes when May tries to hold the pain in she sings â€Å"Oh! Susanna,† but most of the time it never works. However, June comes up with an idea to create a wailing wall for May. This wall helped May immensely when she needs to release her anger and pain. May can write anyone’s name on a piece of paper. .s incorrect because when they help May, she feels ashamed of being a helpless person who cannot take care of her own problems. May does love being loved back, but not in a way where everyone has to worry about her and make sure she is not depressed. May wants everyone to worry about their own lives and future. She did not want everyone to change their life plans just to protect her and make her happy.In conclusion, the reader should see that May’s actions were holding them back. She could put herself in other’s positions and could not hold her feelings in. This made everyone worry for her, especially August and June. They could not move on and make life decisions for themselves. From this, the reader should realize that when a person is in the same position as May, they would feel ashamed for making everyone hold back and unable to worry about their own future lives.

Sports Medicine Essay Rough Draft Essays - Medical Imaging

Sports Medicine Essay Rough Draft Essays - Medical Imaging Cooper Casamento Casamento 1 Ms. Vea Period 6 15 January 2016 Sports Medicine Essay Rough Draft In today's world, new technology is developing rapidly, especially in the medicine and sports medicine departments. These new forms of medicine that are being developed are being developed because many athletes are getting injured, they want to heal from these injuries faster, and they want to come back stronger from their setbacks. This sounds like a good idea, but some people are against the use of these new medicinal techniques, because they say these new medicines can ruin the body. 99 percent of these new techniques to heal faster do not hurt the body. This essay will explain how these new medicines and medicinal techniques are good things, and not bad things. Most new medicinal techniques and new sports medicines do not harm the body. An example of this is Theralase. Theralase is a laser that supplies lots of energy to the body in a short amount of time by shooting billions of photons of light at it, and this laser does not hurt the body. (Theralase, www.theralase.com). Another example of these new medicines not harming the body is Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. Musculoskeletal Ultrasound is like an X-Ray, but it is more in depth and it allows for doctors to see abnormalities that would not have been seen with just a regular X-Ray. It uses sound waves to produce images of the body. One of the main benefits of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound is that it allows for surgeons to do procedures on Casamento 2 patients easier because they have these new pictures. The best part is that this procedure is harmless, and it is quick and simple. (Ultrasound - Musculoskeletal, radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=musculous). Other than being harmless, these new medicines also have other benefits. Another benefit is that these new medicines are helpful to the body because they allow for the injured part of the body to heal faster. An example of this is Tommy John Surgery. Tommy John Surgery is a type of surgery that some Major League Baseball players have done on them, because it fixes up any problems that they have in their elbow. Instead of playing while they are injured, they can have this surgery done on them. Sometimes, the player who undergoes the surgery can come back even stronger than before. (Tommy John Surgery, webmd.com/fitness-exercise/tommy-john-surgery-ucl-reconstruction?page=1). Another example of the new types of medicines allowing for the body to heal faster is Regenokine. Regenokine is a treatment used to reduce chronic pain or arthritis. Famous athletes have used this treatment before, most notable of these athletes being Kobe Bryant and Alex Rodriguez. This procedure involves taking b ad tissue out of the body, and then processing it in a certain way, and then putting this tissue back in the body. It allows for faster healing, and even though it is currently unapproved by the FDA, it is still a legitimate and working procedure. Overall, the new types of sports medicine have many more benefits than detriments. These new procedures are harmless, they are quick and easy, they allow for athletes to heal faster, and some even allow for the possibility of the athlete coming back stronger than they were pre-injury. Williams, David. "Sports Medicine Goes High-tech." CNN. Cable News Network, 25 Oct. 2006. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. cnn.com/2006/TECH/10/12/sports.medicine/index.html> Carpenter, Les. "Report: 87 of 91 Former NFL Player Brains Have Tested Positive for CTE." The Guardian. 18 Sept. 2015. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/18/report-87-of-91-former-nfl-player-brains-have-tested-positive-for-cte> "Tommy John Surgery (UCL Reconstruction) and Recovery." WebMD. WebMD, 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. webmd.com/fitness-exercise/tommy-john-surgery-ucl-reconstruction?page=1>. Murray, Peter. "Regenokine: The Unproven Treatment That Professional Athletes Are Flying To Germany For - Singularity HUB." Singularity HUB. N.p., 24 Apr. 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. http://singularityhub.com/2012/04/24/regenokine-the-unproven-treatment-that-professional-athletes-are-flying-to-germany-for/>. Belson, Ken. "Now Batting: A Stronger, Mandatory Helmet." The New York Times. The New York Times, 19 Feb. 2013. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. nytimes.com/2013/02/20/sports/baseball/now-batting-a-stronger-mandatory-baseball-helmet.html>. Pennington, Bill. "Doctors See a Big Rise in Injuries As Young Athletes Train Nonstop."New York Times 22 Feb. 2001: A1. Global Issues in Context. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. "Ultrasound - Musculoskeletal." RadiologyInfo. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=musculous "Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Tenotomy." N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. http://piedmontpmr.com/ultrasound-guided-percutaneous-tenotomy-3/>. "Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)-OrthoInfo - AAOS." Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)-OrthoInfo - AAOS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2015. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00648>. "Clinical Applications

The Ultimate Strong Verbs List Thatll Instantly Supercharge Your Writing

The Ultimate Strong Verbs List Thatll Instantly Supercharge Your Writing 249 Strong Verbs Thatll Spice Up Your Writing Do you ever wonder why a grammatically correct sentence you’ve written just lies there like a dead fish? I sure have. Your sentence might even be full of those adjectives and adverbs your teachers and loved ones so admired in your writing when you were a kid. But still the sentence doesn’t work. Something simple I learned from The Elements of Style years ago changed the way I write and added verve to my prose. The authors of that little bible of style said: â€Å"Write with nouns and verbs, not with adjectives and adverbs.† Even Mark Twain was quoted, regarding adjectives: â€Å"When in doubt, strike it out.† That’s not to say there’s no place for adjectives. I used three in the title and first paragraph of this post alone. The point is that good writing is more about well-chosen nouns and strong verbs than it is about adjectives and adverbs, regardless what you were told as a kid. There’s no quicker win for you and your manuscript than ferreting out and eliminating flabby verbs and replacing them with vibrant ones. How To Know Which Verbs Need Replacing Your first hint is your own discomfort with a sentence. Odds are it features a snooze-inducing verb. As you hone your ferocious self-editing skills, train yourself to exploit opportunities to replace a weak verb for a strong one. At the end of this post I suggest a list of 249 vivid verbs you can experiment with to replace tired ones. Want a copy of the 249-verb list to read, save, or print whenever you wish? Click here. What constitutes a tired verb? Here’s what to look for: 3 Types of Verbs to Beware of in Your Prose 1. State-of-being verbs These are passive as opposed to powerful: Is Am Are Was Were Be Being Been Have Has Had Do Does Did Shall Will Should Would May Might Must Can Could Am I saying these should never appear in your writing? Of course not. You’ll find them in this piece. But when a sentence lies limp, you can bet it contains at least one of these. Determining when a state-of-being verb is the culprit creates a problem- and finding a better, more powerful verb to replace it- is what makes us writers. [Note how I replaced the state-of-being verbs in this paragraph.] Resist the urge to consult a thesaurus for the most exotic verb you can find. I consult such references only for the normal word that carries power but refuses to come to mind. I would suggest even that you consult my list of powerful verbs only after you have exhausted all efforts to come up with one on your own. You want Make your prose to be your own creation, not yours plus Roget or Webster or Jenkins. [See how easy they are to spot and fix?] Examples Impotent: The man was walking on the platform. Powerful: The man strode along the platform. Impotent: Jim is a lover of country living. Powerful: Jim treasures country living. Impotent: There are three things that make me feel the way I do†¦ Powerful: Three things convince me†¦ 2. Verbs that rely on adverbs Powerful verbs are strong enough to stand alone. Examples The fox ran quickly dashed through the forest. She menacingly looked glared at her rival. He secretly listened eavesdropped while they discussed their plans. 3.  Verbs with -ing suffixes Examples Before: He was walking†¦ After: He walked†¦ Before: She was loving the idea of†¦ After: She loved the idea of†¦ Before: The family was starting to gather†¦ After: The family started to gather The Strong Verbs List Absorb Advance Advise Alter Amend Amplify Attack Balloon Bash Batter Beam Beef Blab Blast Bolt Boost Brief Broadcast Brood Burst Bus Bust Capture Catch Charge Chap Chip Clasp Climb Clutch Collide Command Commune Cower Crackle Crash Crave Crush Dangle Dash Demolish Depart Deposit Detect Deviate Devour Direct Discern Discover Dismantle Download Drag Drain Drip Drop Eavesdrop Engage Engulf Enlarge Ensnare Envelop Erase Escort Expand Explode Explore Expose Extend Extract Eyeball Fight Fish Fling Fly Frown Fuse Garble Gaze Glare Gleam Glisten Glitter Gobble Govern Grasp Gravitate Grip Groan Grope Growl Guide Gush Hack Hail Heighten Hobble Hover Hurry Ignite Illuminate Inspect Instruct Intensify Intertwine Impart Jostle Journey Lash Launch Lead Leap Locate Lurch Lurk Magnify Mimic Mint Moan Modify Multiply Muse Mushroom Mystify Notice Notify Obtain Oppress Order Paint Park Peck Peek Peer Perceive Picture Pilot Pinpoint Place Plant Plop Pluck Plunge Poison Pop Position Power Prickle Probe Prune Realize Recite Recoil Refashion Refine Remove Report Retreat Reveal Reverberate Revitalize Revolutionize Revolve Rip Rise Ruin Rush Rust Saunter Scamper Scan Scorch Scrape Scratch Scrawl Seize Serve Shatter Shepherd Shimmer Shine Shock Shrivel Sizzle Skip Skulk Slash Slide Slink Slip Slump Slurp Smash Smite Snag Snarl Sneak Snowball Soar Spam Sparkle Sport Sprinkle Stare Starve Steal Steer Storm Strain Stretch Strip Stroll Struggle Stumble Supercharge Supersize Surge Survey Swell Swipe Swoon Tail Tattle Toddle Transfigure Transform Travel Treat Trim Trip Trudge Tussle Uncover Unearth Untangle Unveil Usher Veil Wail Weave Wind Withdraw Wreck Wrench Wrest Wrestle Wring Yank Zing Zap Click here or below to download the expanded list (now 249 powerful verbs!), along with the three types of verbs to watch for in your writing. Suggest in the comments three (only) vivid verbs that should be added to my list.

The Poet Laureates of Los Angeles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Poet Laureates of Los Angeles - Essay Example My Endurance finds that common ground in his nostalgic imagination, full of â€Å"booze and madness.† Being aware of working people letters, he points that he is even more â€Å"worse off† than most of them, writing to him on the paper â€Å"often torn† with an â€Å"unsharpened pencil or in ink.† Afterwards, he comes into a powerful realm of his inner world, transferring into â€Å"a young boy to write my stuff now.† So, his secret and common ground of his mental world and poetry is in his ability of thinking independently, changing things by the outstanding will for creativity of the imagination. On the other hand, Wanda Coleman’s The California Crack can be treated as a wonderful mystery, full of allegories, symbols, allusions and phantasms. Inspired by usual acid crack (â€Å"acid trails and flashes†), after imaginary days of â€Å"dripping,† her hero introduces sweet memories about his childhood (â€Å"†¦about his mother pinching him†), visualizing his everyday facts (â€Å"the lesbian he loved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ); finally, his presentiment of something ugly comes true when bed getting split and the earth â€Å"opens the soft moist mouth of a scream.† In the expressive way, Wanda insists on the importance of â€Å"earth† feeling and â€Å"memory† pre-presence for our everyday balance and stability. To sum up, two LA poets single perspective must be examined in their considerations within these two poems, The Secret of My Endurance and The California Crack. Supposedly, their inner dimensions – imaginary and allegoric one – bring them to a harmony of existence leading to non-conflict coexistence in the everyday life of

Developing yourself and others Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Developing yourself and others - Coursework Example I like action oriented careers, in which I will be in the goal settings and implementations. My colleague has a converging learning style. He likes experimenting first on theories and principles before he can apply on real office work. He questions everything he is given to work with and rarely does his work following gut feelings. He is interested in developmental work with innovations such as technology and science. For him, everything has to be tackled with an appropriate solution, and what worked for a single problem may not work for another one unless, it is first tried and tested. He is the kind of person who can come up with manuals to be used in the work, and everybody should use the manual when solving the particular problem. The developmental needs assessment for me and my colleague was done using a SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is an analysis that focuses on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (Burrow, 2012 p. 148). The first strength I harbor is that I am a hands-on person, and like doing things the best way in which I think will work out. The market is always dynamic changing from day to day and thus what worked yesterday may not function today. The opportunity I have is that I am a fast learner, and I am also very flexible to change and can thus adapt to any organizational setting. My major weakness lies in the use of standards and formulas. I cannot do a job that requires the use of standards, as I prefer taking shortcuts. The primary threat I harbor is the flooding of the market with people who are whole rounded. The major need is to learn how to use standards and patience in implementation of strategies. My colleague’s strength lies in the ability to use standards and use only those formulas that are tested and tried. His major opportunity lies in the fact that he is still young and in school, and, for this reason, will climb the corporate ladder fast because of the amount of certificates he has. His major weakness is

Final Reflection Essay Example for Free

Final Reflection Essay 1. Upon embarking on writing about my Autobiography/Self-Discovery piece, I did not really expect it to become an enlightening journey of introspection. For me, it was a typical school day and I was just about to do a requirement. The incident I cited in my writing piece happened way before and yet I never forgot its profound impact on my life. It had me acquainted with an aspect of my true self that is, that I could also be a better and more appreciative person, and come to think of it, that anybody is capable of improving himself/herself so long as the desire to change is present. The Significant Event Essay which I wrote and submitted reveals only an aspect of my personality since the short anecdote plucked from my life story merely focused on my realizations on the values of compassion and appreciation. A person’s life has a lot of aspects and an essay or even a book would not be enough to capture everything about a man’s life. 2. My purpose in writing my essay was for others to appreciate the blessings they had because not everyone is as fortunate as his fellowman. It is intended for a general audience and is meant to be helpful to anyone who has not realized the value of blessings in his/her life. The essay is presented in the form of a short anecdote where there is an introduction, a building up of the story, a climax and a conclusion. As a writer, I learned that I had to present my story in a way that it is structured and systematic so that only the incidents related to the story were included and other details were left out. In this manner, focus was maintained and the main storyline was given more significance. I also made use of an outline so that I would not deviate from my projected direction, hence, the results of which are reflected in my essay. A profile is supposed to capture and present to the reader a glimpse on the life of a personality. The problem however, is that sometimes, the profile of a person that is presented is a skewed version, and that is where write-ups such as these are often questioned. More often than not, the more dramatic, exciting and odd aspects of an individual’s personality are those which are glamorized and sensationalized because these are the stories which usually sell. It is what piques the interest of the readers, hence, these are the materials which are highlighted, and the less dramatic and boring topics are relegated to the background or worse, not even mentioned. With regards to my own profile, I encountered the same problem because I found that it is not really possible to compress into one essay that which has taken so many years to achieve. Hence, theoretically, it is not really possible to create a â€Å"complete† profile because eventually, some details will ultimately be left out. 2. The omissions in a profile for general readership consumption connote that readers engage in reading more to be entertained than informed. A complete profile would mean that all aspects in a personality’s life will be included with all the boring stuff attached to it. Of course, this will not be allowed by the editors of magazines where the profiles will be published because this â€Å"boring stuff† can be done without and the excess writing space could be allocated for more ad space which can be sold to earn more income. Even if a writer wants to present the profile of a subject in a complete manner with everything included, it is not the writer who determines what becomes published because it is the reader who will choose. This is a lamentable fact, and yet what is in practice since the mass media operates on these guiding principles, however distorted the stories may be. Answers to Chapter 4 Questions: 1. I particularly believe that most if not all of the academic materials which present their concepts as uncontested truths do so because they are already based on widely-known and acknowledge facts and ideas. Basically, the whole chapter on Explaining a Concept is one such typical example because as of now, the ideas presented here are what are considered as true and accurate – for the moment. As new discoveries will be unearthed, new theories and concepts will correspondingly emerge and the present truths we have now will most likely be replaced later eventually. 2. Knowledge is established by way of a meeting of minds. Usually, the prominent academicians, researchers and professors in specific disciplines conduct meetings to agree/disagree on the concepts that are still considered up-to-date or obsolete. Once decided upon, obsolete ideas noted but not totally discarded. In some books, it is noticeable that references to such ideas are still mentioned but the reason for shelving the idea is always given. 3. The essay I did was about the practice of contraception. The idea that I pursued has long been established and accepted in society. It could be said that there are some sectors that still uphold religious beliefs over these medical practices which seem to challenge such beliefs. Yes, at some point, I felt that the ideas I am presenting may be questioned by my readers, but then, I had references to point to for the more technical stuff and I was confident with my own knowledge about the subject. I decided on doing a topic that would be helpful, practical and interesting and had more contemporary novelty, hence the subject of contraception. In writing my paper, I was not really comfortable in being a giver of knowledge at first but later on, I warmed up to the idea because I would be sharing some things that my peers may not really know about.

The Development of Benedicks Character in Shakespeares Much Ado About

The Development of Benedick's Character in Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing At the beginning of the play, Benedick appears as almost a comic character, acting as if the most important part of his character is his wit. However, by the end of the play it becomes obvious that he is a clear-thinking character who is able to take action and keep his head in a crisis. The change in Benedick's character is accompanied by the change in his relationship with Beatrice, as they move from 'merry war' and 'skirmish of wit' to become lovers, though Benedick does still protest that he 'love thee (Beatrice) against my will'. Throughout the play, Benedick's relationship with Beatrice is an important mark of his character. In the first scene they are unable to converse without entering into one of the skirmishes of wit for which Leonato has said they are known. There is a suggestion from Beatrice that the two have been in a relationship before: "You always end with a jades trick, I know you of old" Evidence of this past relationship provides both a reason for the 'merry war' and a suggestion that there may still be some romantic feelings between the two. However, Benedick's jocular attitude towards women does not stop at Beatrice, even when Claudio asks Benedick, as a friend, for serious advice about Hero, he is unable to take the situation seriously or give a serious answer: "She's too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise" This shows quite clearly that Benedick's character in the early stages of the play is firmly rooted in his wit. Of course, Benedick's failure to notice Hero at all is a further suggestion that he has feelings for Beatrice, which is supported by his ... ...e, due to the gradual change and development of his character. The extent to which Benedick is changed is shown by the way his attitudes appear completely changed by the conclusion of the play, as he appears no longer to be a 'tyrant' towards women, and he is no longer reliant on his wit as the main feature of his personality. Works Cited and Consulted: Barton, Anne. Introduction. Much Ado About Nothing. The Riverside Shakespeare, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997. 361-365. Lewalski, B. K. "Much Ado About Something" Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 8 (1968): 235-251. Prouty, Charles A. Conformity in Much Ado About Nothing. New York: Books for Libraries Press/Yale University Press, 1980. Rossiter, A.P. "Much Ado About Nothing." William Shakespeare Comedies & Romances. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986.

Musical Genre Classification of Audio Signals Essay

Musical genres are categorized by human. It depends on human hearing. There are common characteristics shared by categories. These characteristics are related to instrumentation, rhythmic structure, and harmonic content of the music. Currently many music is still classified by manually. Automated system for musical genre classification can assist or replace manual work for classifying musical genre. In this paper, the automatic classification of audio signals into hierarchy of musical genres is explored. Three feature sets for representing timbral texture, rhythmic content and pitch content are proposed. Also propose classification through two-times KNN classification method and show enhancement of accuracy. Using two-time KNN classification method increases accuracy about 5% than one-time –++++KNN classification which two-time KNN classification accuracy is 77.9% and one-time KNN classification accuracy is 73.3%. Index Terms – Music classification, feature extraction, wavelets, KNN classification Table of Contents I. II. Introduction Music Modeling & Genre Segmentation III. Feature Extraction A. Timbral Texture Features i. ii. iii. iv. B. Spectral shape features Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) Texture window Low-Energy features Rhythmic Features C. Pitch Content Features IV. Classification V. Evaluation and Discussion VI. References I. Introduction Musical genres are categorized by human. It depends on human hearing. There are common characteristics shared by categories. These characteristics are related to instrumentation, rhythmic structure, and harmonic content of the music. Genre classification is magnified when music industry moved from CD to web. In web music is distributed in large amount so importance of genre classification is magnified. Currently many music is still classified by manually. Automated system for musical genre classification can assist or replace manual work for classifying musical genre. In era of web, it enabled to access large amount of all kinds of data such as music, movies, news and so on. Music database has been grown exponentially since first perceptual coders early in the 90’s. As database grows it demanded tools that can enable search, retrieve and handle large amount of data. Classifying musical genre was great tool for searching, retrieving and handling large music data base [1-3]. There are several more method such as music emotion classification [4], beat tracking [5], preference recommendation [6], and etc.. Musical genres classification (MGC) are created and used for categorized and describe music. Musical genre has no precise definitions or boundaries because it is categorized by human hearing. Musical genres classification are highly related to public marketing, historical and cultural factors. Different countries and organizations have different genre lists, and they even define the same genre with different definitions. So it is hard to define certain genres precisely. There is not an official specification of music genre until now. There are about 500 to 800 genres in music [7, 8]. Some researchers suggested the definition of musical genres classification [9]. After several attempt to define musical genres researchers figured out that it shares certain characteristics such as instrumentation, rhythmic structure, and pitch content. Genre hierarchies were created by human experts and they are currently used to classify music in the web. Auto MGC can provide automating classifying process and provide important component for complete music information. The most significant proposal to specifically deal with this task was released in 2002 [3]. S everal strategies dealing with related problems have been proposed in research areas. In this paper, automatic musical genre classification is proposed showed in Figure 1. For feature extraction, three sets of features for representing instrumentation (timberal), rhythmic content and pitch content are proposed. Figure 1 Automatic Musical Genre Classification II. Music Modeling & Genre Segmentation An untrained and non-expert person can detect the genre of a song with accuracy of 72% by hearing three-second segmentation of the song [11]. However computer is not design like human brain so it can’t process MGC like human. Despite whole song may somehow influence the representativeness of feature, using whole song can extract most of features that music has. Also to extract short segment of music for automation system is unsuited for the purpose because difficulty of finding exact time of music that represents genre of music. Without research finding certain section of music representing its characteristic using whole song to modeling is proper way to MGC. There are too many music genres used in web [7, 8]. Classification genre has to be simplified and in this paper proposed genres which are popular used in MP3 players in the market. Figure 2 Taxonomy of Music Genre III. Feature Extraction Feature extraction is the process of computing numerical representation that can be used to characterize segment of audio and classify its genre. Digital music file contains data sampled from analog audio signal. It has huge data size compared to its actual information. Features are thus extracted from audio signal to obtain more meaningful information and reduce the over-loading processing. For feature extraction three sets of features for representing instrumentation (timberal), rhythmic content and pitch content will be used [3]. 1. Timbral Texture Features The features used to represent timbre texture are based on the features proposed in  speech recognition. The following specific features are usually used to represent timbre texture. â‘   Spectral shape features [1-3] Spectral shape features are computed directly from the power spectrum of an audio signal frame, describing the shape and characteristics of the power spectrum. The calculated features are based on the short time Fourier transform (STFT) and are calculated for every short-time frame of sound. There are several ways to extract feature with spectral shape feature. 1. Spectral centroid is centroid of the magnitude spectrum of STFT and its measure of spectral brightness.

Is Lying Bad?

Imagine the president of the United States telling everyone that if they spend all of their money until they go bankrupt, then the president will reimburse you, plus get an extra three million dollars. After everyone is totally bankrupt, they figure out that the president was lying and now there is an extremely slight chance that they will ever get their money back. Many people believe that lying is one of the worst things a person can do. They view it as something that hurts everyone and eventually destroys or consumes the person that lies. Others believe that lying can be the best way to handle a situation. They view it as protecting someone's feelings or calming a difficult situation. Many people in our lives share the belief that sometimes the truth isn't is everyone's best interest, but it should be. First and foremost, lying effects you extremely. If you tell a little white lie such as, â€Å"Does this dress make me look fat? † â€Å"No! â€Å", then you may have some guilt riding on your shoulders. If you tell a huge, important lie, then the guilt will be riding on your shoulders like a one thousand pound weight. For instance, what the president did. After a pointless lie, the whole nation is totally poor and most likely starved because of the lack of money for food and water. People lie everyday to, in someway or another, keep themselves out of trouble. Many teenagers will lie to their parents about what they are doing for the evening, how much of their homework they have done, or how that glass vase got broken while they were out of town. We even lie to our boyfriends or girlfriends about who that other boy was that called the house or what exactly we did with our friends last night. All anyone is trying to accomplish by this is to stay out of trouble when we know we've done wrong; but we never think of the effects of lying. Although we think we're being sly, parents are usually smarter than we give them credit for! Eventually there will be no point in telling this lie any longer because be then, everyone has already found out! Then the problem becomes the issue of trust. If you lie, there is no trust. That can be one of the serious consequences of lying. You should never have to lie, or deceive any one. Lies are empty. Evil is simply hurting yourself or others, and lies can do that, even when you don't think they are. Lying can also effect others in a negative way too. How about lying to impress other people? More common in children and teenagers, we lie to make others think we're cool, and when you really think about it, that's the part that's not cool! Most young people care too much about what others think about them. If you tell even the littlest lie, it will harm you in the long run. For instance, your friend asks you if you want to hang out or maybe do something. You say that you can't because you are too busy studying and drowning in school work. Even though, you are actually having the time of your life with some other friends at Golf World. About fifteen minutes late, you look towards the door and here comes your poor, lonely friend through the big glass doors. She spots you, stares sadly for a moment, and then leaves. That is all it takes. One small lie and there you go, one less trustworthy, good friend. To sum it all up, lying is always and entirely bad. Whether it is a small, white lie or a big, important lie it can still hurt you or someone else. Lying effects you in a negative way, making you carry guilt, losing trust, and lying for dumb reasons such as to impress others. Lying effects others in a negative way also, because others might think bad about them or you might just make them look ignorant. It is wrong because it is being deceitful to lie. White lies don't benefit anyone but the person lying. It makes them feel better because they don't want to confront the actual issue at hand. Imagine a world where no one ever told the truth. How would you ever find the truth? How would you deal with having to live in a life of lies? â€Å"Liars when they speak the truth are not believed. † —Aristotle. So why even lie at all?

Resegregation in American schools essays

Resegregation in American schools essays In the article "Resegregation in American Schools," authors Gary Orfield and John Yun argue that a new form of segregation is emerging in the nation's schools, particularly in the South. Many white students remain cloistered in their own schools, particularly in regions with few non-white residents. Meanwhile, non-white racial groups, Latinos and blacks in particular, are often located in schools with a none-white majority. These schools with non-white majorities are also often located in areas with high crime and poverty rates. This new segregation will have several important long-term consequences not only for the Latino and black students but also for society as a whole. Education is seen as a stepping-stone for a brighter future. The goal of educators, after all, is not only to teach students skills for gainful employment. In doing so, education is supposed to give young people the critical and analytical foundations that will later allow them to contribute to their communities. Unfortunately, many students in poverty-stricken areas do not have access to quality education. This lack of access thus helps to maintain and even exacerbate the racial and class divisions that are already plaguing American society. For white students in the good academic schools, the public education system amply provides them with the preparation for college and for productive careers. The others, however, get left behind. This is only one way wherein the "segregation" happening in the public schools today ensures that some students will already make it into college, while for many, higher education remains elusive. In the long term, these lack of educational opportunities turn into a social responsibility as well. Statistics have shown that teen pregnancy and drug use is much higher among girls who do not graduate from high school. Even those who do graduate fac...

Introducing Women in Shakespeares Plays

Introducing Women in Shakespeares Plays Shakespeare’s presentation of women in his plays demonstrates his feelings about women and their roles in society. As our guide to the types of female roles in Shakespeare demonstrates, women had less freedom than their male counterparts in Shakespeares time. Its well known that women werent allowed on the stage during Shakespeares active years. All of his  famous female roles like Desdemona and Juliette were in fact once played by men. Shakespeares Presentation of Women Women in Shakespeares plays are often underestimated.  While they were clearly restricted by their social roles, the Bard showed how women could influence the men around them. His plays showed the difference in expectations between upper and lower class women of the time. High-born women are presented as â€Å"possessions† to be passed between fathers and husbands. In most cases, they are socially restricted and unable to explore the world around them without chaperones. Many of these women were coerced and controlled by the men in their lives. Lower-born women were allowed more freedom in their actions precisely because they are seen as less important than higher-born women.   Sexuality in Shakespeares work Broadly speaking, female characters that sexually aware are more likely to be lower class. Shakespeare allows them more freedom to explore their sexuality, perhaps because their low-status renders them socially harmless. However, women are never totally free in Shakespeare’s plays: if not owned by husbands and fathers, many low-class characters are owned by their employers. Sexuality or desirability can also lead to deadly consequences  for Shakespeares women. Desdemona chose to follow her passion and defied her father to marry Othello. This passion is later used against her when the villainous Iago convinces her husband that if she would lie to her father she would lie to him as well. Wrongfully accused of adultery, nothing Desdemona says or does is enough to convince Othello of her faithfulness. Her boldness in choosing to defy her father ultimately leads to her death at the hands of her jealous lover. Sexual violence also plays a major role in some of the Bards work. This is seen most notably in Titus Andronicus where the character Lavinia is violently raped and mutilated. Her attackers cut out her tongue and remove her hands to prevent her from naming her attackers. After she is able to write their names her father then kills her to preserve her honor. Women in Power Women in power are treated with distrust by Shakespeare. They have questionable morals. For example, Gertrude in Hamlet marries her husband’s murdering brother and Lady Macbeth coerces her husband into murder. These women show a lust for power thats often on par or surpassing that of the men around them. Lady Macbeth especially is seen as a conflict between the masculine and feminine. She forgoes normal feminine traits like  motherly compassion for more masculine ones like ambition, which leads to the ruin of her family. For these women, the penalty for their scheming ways is normally death.   For a deeper understanding of Shakespeares women read our guide to the types of female characters in Shakespeare.

Police Dept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Police Dept - Essay Example It only run and handle small cases like the arrest of minors and settlement of dispute around the town, also carry out investigation and after identifying a case that got crime that is beyond their power to deal with, it is always handled to the next level as it might need more of investigation to be done this is because they are limited by their jurisdiction the extent to handle in a case. The state level got more authority than the local did and as the name suggest its matters are the once that concerns entire state. The duties of the state officers are recruitment of fellow police, patrolling and maintenance of highway, directing the parking way within the state, control and regulates alcohol consumption and have authority over the ports in the around. For well accomplishment of its duties, the state level is divided into the following departments: Criminal investigation, state bureau of investigation and department of motor vehicle. This is the largest body consisting of approximately 60 agencies. It deals with protection of entire country starting with the most outer part protection and patrol of its borders, control of immigration this is by controlling the incoming and outgoing of personnel in the country. The officers at this level deal and tackle large crime across every state and town, exercise control and prevention of any criminal activities. Federal consists of about 60 agencies, sampling them here are the most common and large agencies: Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I), Fire and Explosives agency and Drug Enforcement administration. The three levels offer security and maintain peace to entire nation altogether by being that each part of the country has its own level that handles it and through communication the tackling, handling and clear investigation is accomplished hence leading to maintenance of security. The civil service system in the United States, established in 1871, consists of the federal civil service and the

World Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

World Religion - Essay Example Even the smallest of objects and ideas in a practice holds some sort of symbol for that practice. Colors, scents, figures, even deities, have a significance to the need of that individual during that time. Religions were defined as being "a system of symbols [...] (Geertz)." To make the practices more realistic - and in some New Age paths, more efficient and beneficial - symbolism is used. Paganism is a New Age belief system that has a rather huge emphasis on the use of magic in their practices. Their very act of communing with Nature and divinity is considered magic; unfortunately, it is their type of magic that has given them a bad name within organized religions. The magic of pagans involves making use of symbols, chanting, reciting, or singing their aspirations, and building up energy to release into the universe in hopes of achieving what they hope to. In a religion such as Catholicism, the magic can be seen in their prayers and their taking of communion. In a sense, in regards to a Catholic praying, it is the same as a pagan performing a ritual - specific words and symbols are used to achieve one thing, and all of that is released to the divine to allow it to manifest and become something. When taking communion, the practitioner is drawing themselves closer to the divine, as the wine and wafers of the communion symbolize the divine itself. That is the similarity between the two religions - turning thoughts and hopes into something, regardless of what it is called, magic or prayer. Symbolism is an important part of both of them, as it helps to focus the intentions of the individual. No matter what each religion decides to call it, many of the acts can be seen as magic, as they are playing with a force that is outside their full understanding, hoping to get close to the divine and change their lives

Barrier Reef, Belize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Barrier Reef, Belize - Essay Example (Greenspan 2007) This essay will try to understand the crisis the ecosystem in the barrier reef is facing and shall discuss the efforts already made to further preservation. Biological interrelationships in the area shall be discussed and also the adverse affect caused if no measures are taken against human intrusion. The barrier reef in Belize is 230 kilometers long and is the longest in the Caribbean. The variety of habitats along the reef supports a large diversity of fauna. â€Å"The wide Belize shelf contains an impressive assemblage of habitats: inshore, mid shelf, shelf-edge, and offshore coral reefs, Lagoons Sea grass meadows and mangrove swamps† (UNEP, n.d., p. 4). There is an abundance of micro and macro invertebrate life. The varieties of habitats are used by various species. Many reef and pelagic fish and even several sharks use the mangroves and sea grass beds as nurseries. Tarpon, mullet and stone bass use the inshore waters. The sea grass meadows are also inhabited by the manatees which are an endangered species. The lagoons of the South Water Cay are home to Snook, and Bonefish. The deep slopes are inhabited by Snappers, Hogfish, Groupers, Porgy and Grunt. The variety of pelagic fish found here includes Nurse Shark, Caribbean reef shark, Hammerheads, Bull sharks, Whale shar ks. Spiny lobsters and queen conch can also be found in abundance. It is also home to bottle nosed dolphins and three more varieties of dolphins. The world’s largest concentration of the West Indian manatee is found here. Also seen are the Leatherback turtle and the American crocodile. Apart from all this 90 percent of all Scleratinian coral in the Caribbean can be found here. Staghorn coral, Finger coral, Starlet coral, brain corals are some of the variety seen here. Mollusks, Crustaceans, Sponges Hydroids, Ascidians and Copepods have also been recorded here. Thousands of birds visit the lagoon every

Methodology: Impact of Stigma on Offender Employment

Methodology: Impact of Stigma on Offender Employment Design An experimental design will be used in this research. This study will use a mixed design, with disclosed criminal convictions (group 1, 2, or 3) as the between subjects variable, and judgments of job applicant as the within subjects variable. The independent variable in this research will be the disclosure of criminal convictions. The dependant variables will be the attitude towards the job applicant, and the participants political ideology. Procedure 60 participants were collected overall, with 20 participants for each experimental group. These participants were gathered via my personal social media and the universitys SONA system. These participants were all over the age of 18, in order to give consent, but their age and gender was not tested. Once I had established my participants, I collected their email addresses and then emailed them a copy of my participant information sheet, so that they had a few days before the research took place to read over what is expected of them and decide that they definitely wanted to take part. The data was gathered over a three-week period, until all participants had taken part. Before the experiment took place, the participant was presented with a consent form for them to provide informed, written consent to take part in the experiment. They were informed that they could leave at any time if they no longer want to take part in the research. All research took place in a quiet, but public room, such as the labs in P5 and the study rooms in the library. The participants all sat the experiment individually to ensure their decisions were not influenced by others, but also to make availability easier for the participants. They were randomly allocated into 1 of 3 groups using an online generator. In all groups participants were asked to pretend they were employers in a hotel that is looking to hire. The participants were given a job description that listed the duties required and the skills the applicant needed to possess to get the job. They were then given one of 3 CVs, all included the same personal and working information, however, in group 1, no criminal convictions of any kind were included. In group 2 the applicant disclosed a previous minor criminal conviction (a record for possession of a class C drug, an offence that would not lead to incarceration). In group 3 the application disclosed a major criminal conviction which they have been previously incarcerated for (poss ession of a firearm with criminal intent). The participants were then given an 11-point questionnaire that asked them to rate the extent to which which they believe the applicant fit certain requirements of the job description. Next, participants were given the 20-point Ideological Consistency Scale (Pew Research Centre) to measure their political ideologies, to assess whether the participants political ideology effects their likelihood to employ the person. This is based on the hypothesis that liberal minded people are more open minded, and so would be more likely to believe that people can change, and so may be more likely to give someone a second chance. Once the experiment was finished, participants were given a debrief sheet, explaining that the purpose of this research is to see if the participants preconceived stereotypes of ex-offenders effected their perception of the applicants personal and working abilities. Participants were also informed that they can withdraw all their data from the experiment at any point, up until 16/03/2017. Analysis The data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). A one-way ANOVA was used to analyse the data gathered from the judgements questionnaire in order to compare the mean attitude towards the applicant and the standard deviation across the 3 groups. The data gathered from the ideology scale was analysed against the data from the judgements questionnaire using a ANCOVA in order to assess the impact of the participants ideology on their likelihood to employ the person. Materials An example job description, a 20-point Ideological Consistency Scale (Pew Research Centre) to measure their political ideologies. The questions of the ideological scale are split into 10 conservative position questions and 10 liberal positions questions. Individual questions are scored as +1 for a conservative response, -1 for a liberal response and 0 for an unsure response. Scores on the full-scale range from -10 (liberal response to all questions) to +10 (conservative response to all questions). An 11-point questionnaire to measure participants judgements of the job applicant. Each question on this scale receives a score out of 10, which is the number the participants indicate on the Likert scale. Question 1 is not scored, the answer of yes or no is simply to compare the participants initial judgement of the applicant. The overall score for this scale will be out of 100. Participants The participants were all over the age of 18 to give informed consent, and of any gender. A lot of participants were students, which made the participant selection process easier, but students were not necessary. Participants were not required to have any specific characteristics in order to take part in the study.ÂÂ   They were selected via social media and the universitys SONA system. While I did not foresee many potential risks to participants, it is possible that they may have become distressed, embarrassed, or fatigued while taking part in this experiment. To deal with these potential risks, participants were informed that they can stop the experiment at any moment and leave, or they can continue later if they would like. The participants were also informed that they could go and talk to someone at student support if they need to, and would be provided with links to online help, such as the SANE organisation, if requested. No deception was involved in this research. The full aims of the experiment were not disclosed to the participants, for example, they were not informed that it is their willingness to employ the applicants with criminal convictions that is being analysed, but the basic facts of the experiment were not lied about. All research took place in daylight hours, in a safe, public space. Participants were informed that they could withdraw from the experiment at any point. The participant information sheet, the debrief sheet, and myself before the experiment took place explained that participants can withdraw from the experiment at any time, during the experiment, they just needed to explain that they do not wish to continue anymore. My email address was included on the participant information sheet and the debrief sheet, so if participants wanted to withdraw from the research after the experiment has taken place, then they could send an email and then be withdrawn. Participants consent forms were coded, and these codes were placed on their questionnaires and data, in order to ensure that all data is completely anonymised. The consent forms were then locked away to ensure that I was the only person who could view the identity of the participants. Any data that included anything that could lead to a participant being recognised was removed. All physical data was kept inside a locked draw that only I have the key to, to ensure that nobody can access it, and all electronic data was encrypted with a password that only I know, so it cant be accessed. All data will remain this way until after dissertation marks are received, at which point the physical data will be shredded and the electronic data will be electronically shredded. Discussion Previous research by Maruna King, (2004) suggests that the success of ex-offenders re-entry into society is dictated by the attitudes of the community around them. Within this research, only 41% of participants in the ex-offender group stated that they would employ the candidate, compared to 81% in the control group. Because of this, it could be proposed that the main difficultly ex-offenders face upon re-entry into non-institutionalised society is battling preconceived stereotypes that society places upon them. In the criminal record group, 57% of participants said that they would employ the candidate, which, while being a significant increase when compared to the ex-offender group, still suggests a strong prejudice towards those who have had issues with the criminal justice system. This is a concern, because, while neither offence in the two conviction groups suggest that the candidate would have trouble dealing with customers and staff, both groups showed a significantly lower me an score in every question presented to participants. The findings from this research are consistent with previous research that suggests society does stereotype ex-offenders, which may lead to stigmatisation in terms of employment desirability. For example, when asked how suitable do you think the candidate would be at maintain high professionalism with customers and staff? participants in the control group exerted a mean response of 8.4, however, when asked the same question, participants in the group were the candidate revealed a previous incarceration had a mean response of only 4.4, potentially signifying that the participants believed by having been to prison, it would be unlikely that the candidate would be proficient. This supports Fehn (2004)s theory that ex-offenders are normally stereotyped as being educationally illiterate and socially inadequate, and are therefore unable to act in a professional manner within a workplace. However, Goffman (1987) emphasised that while a status may be stigmatising in one social context, it can also be worn as a badge of honour in another, and those who can relate to the stigma are likely to serve as sympathetic others. In the context of this research, it could be suggested that some participants in the criminal record and ex-offender groups would in fact be more likely to give higher ratings to the candidate because they can sympathise with the situation. Goffman (1963) acknowledges that those with personal familiarity to ex-offenders and individuals who have criminal records are more likely to see past the stereotypes surrounding them, and therefore reduce the stigmatising attitudes towards this group. Furthermore, Braithwaite (1989) notes that reintegration is more likely to be successful when ex-offenders are viewed as members of the in-group that have made mistakes, rather than dangerous, incurably criminal individuals. Although the results from the coefficient analysis of variance where inconclusive, it is evident that the ideology of the participants did have an impact on the participants total score. Table 3 shows the comparison of the mean total score for those who were reported as consistently conservative compared to consistently liberal. For the control group, the difference in mean total score is not noteworthy, however, in both the criminal record group, and the ex-offender group, the mean total score is significantly lower for those who were consistently conservative than those who were consistently liberal, suggesting that those with consistently liberal core political values were more likely to remove the stigma surrounding the applicant, and instead simply assess how suitable the candidate was for the job at hand. Unnever and Cullen (2007) suggest that people with conservative core values hold more disciplinary attitudes towards those who violate the law, and are more opposed to the rei ntegration of ex-offenders into society. Chiricos, Welch, Gertz (2004) found that those with conservative core political values are more likely to uphold the stigmatisation of ex-offenders and criminals, primarily due to the belief that criminals are unlikely to ever be fully rehabilitated, and so will always be criminal.ÂÂ   However, because those with liberal core values are more likely to blame society for crime (Welch, 2007), it is proposed that they will be more compassionate when dealing with ex-offenders and individuals with criminal records. This theory is maintained by Demski McGlynn (1999) who found that those who identified with liberal values were more willing than others to rent an apartment near a halfway house for recent parolees. Chiricos et al., (2007) demonstrates how an individuals confidence in the criminal justice system can lead to stigmatisation. They suggest that those who trust the legitimacy of the criminal justice system should therefore place conviction in the justice systems evaluation of a persons guilt and moral character. This leads to stigmatisation because imprisonment is one of the most severe forms of punishment available in the UK, and so is seen as a thorough basis for condemnation. Therefore, it can be proposed that those who trust the justice system would be unlikely to have confidence in employment abilities of an ex-offender, or even someone with a criminal record, because it is probable that they believe that people who have served time must have the lowest form of moral character. However, perceptions of over leniency in terms of treatment of offenders may also lead to increased stigmatisation. The ideology consistency scale given to participants in my research contained four quest ions about the government, and those who chose the negative responses were classified as conservative. Unnever, Cullen, Fisher (2007) found that white people, conservatives, and victims of crime are more likely to challenge the police and courts for being too lenient on criminals. These groups of people often believe that most criminals have not paid penance for their crimes, and so deserve stigmatisation upon release, particularly within the employment sector, as they believe criminals should not be given employment over law abiding citizens (Messner, Baumer, Rosenfeld, 2006). Due to the continuously increasing numbers of imprisonment rates, the support of sometimes violent stigmatisation of ex-offenders, and the rising rates of recidivism, is its more important than ever to combat the stigmatisation of ex-offenders, particularly in the employment sector. Ward Brown (2004) established that offenders who experienced meaningful relationships with prison staff were more likely to experience effective reintroduction into society. Similarly, Dowden Andrews (2004) discovered a correlation between recidivism and interpersonal relationships between offenders and staff. While In no way does correlation equal causation, it is evident that contact with individuals from noninstitutionalised society while incarcerated can benefit offenders upon release. This concept is supported by Wagner, Tropp Pettigrew (2009), who demonstrated that contact between opposing groups is a powerful and effective way of reducing prejudice. However, my results indicated that participant s did not feel it was appropriate for an ex-offender, even somebody who is highly qualified for the job at hand, to be around both staff and customers, suggesting that they may not have had previous experience with somebody who has been to prison. A drawback to this research is that participants were never asked whether they had experienced contact with an ex-offender, doing so may have led to a greater understanding as to why the participants stigmatised the candidate in the criminal record and ex-offender groups. However, the impact of contact with ex-offenders may have led to increased stigmatisation, depending on whether the experience was positive or negative. For example, Wikstrom Loeber (2000) explains that in disadvantaged communities with high imprisonment rates, an individual may develop more lenient views of ex-offenders, because in areas like this, incarceration is not an abstract concept, but something that is experienced frequently. Living in these communities means that an individual is less likely to stigmatise ex-offenders, and so it is probable that ex-offenders would not experience negative employment desirability. However, because communities like this are usually disadvantaged and poverty stricken, findin g employment, even as a law-abiding citizen, may be increasingly difficult (Wikstrom Tafel, 2003). Though the theory that contact with ex-offenders may significantly reduce stigmatising behaviour, a major disadvantage of this is that many members of the public may avoid any possible interactions with ex-offenders. My results indicated that participants feel that customers would feel uncomfortable being around somebody who has been to prison. Crisp Turner (2009) developed imagined contact, produced to be an extension of the classical contact paradigm, in order to show valuable aspects of contact with offenders, but without provoking anxious emotions within participants. This may be useful in helping decrease the stigma surrounding ex-offenders, because imaging contact may enable society to disregard fear, which may lead to increased contact, and potentially understanding the individuals behind the stereotype, which could then decrease the negative employment desirability surrounding ex-offenders. Unnever Cullen (2009) suggested that a further way to reduce the stigmatisation of e x-offenders is to demonstrate empathy towards them. Johnson et al., (2009) discovered that when participants were encouraged to feel empathy they recommended less severe punishments to a hypothetical defendant, and were more likely to examine and empathise with reasoning behind criminal acts. Because of this, it could be proposed that if the public were able to understand why offenders committed criminal acts, particularly those from poor and disadvantaged neighbourhoods, they may be more likely to be empathetic, and therefore disregard the stigmatism of the violent and incurable criminal, which may lead to more employers being willing to hire ex-offenders. Obviously, not everyone feels like the stigma towards those who have been incarcerated should be reduced. As highlighted earlier, many believe that using stigma as a general criminality deterrent is effective at preventing further crime. Undoubtedly, this may be the case for some communities. However, for people living in high crime areas, usually poor, disadvantaged, and essentially forgotten by the government, crime is only ever increasing. It is in areas like this that offending, and then subsequently reoffending is highest, meaning that a large minority of people at some point will have been to prison, or at least will have a criminal record. It has been acknowledged numerous times that employment is one of the best ways to decrease reoffending rates, but generally, society holds such a negative view of ex-offenders that employment is rare. Perhaps, if the stigma against individuals who have committed crimes is reduced, finding employment as an ex-offender may be easier, and so r eintegration could be more successful. In hindsight, even my using the term ex-offender could be seen as pre-conceived stigmatisation. Classing someone as an ex-offender creates a disastrous cycle where in which the individual being referred to is unable to move on from their past transgressions, which could be detrimental to rehabilitation. Also, it is unclear at which point a person progresses from offender to ex-offender. The majority of the literature I reviewed when researching this topic refers to individuals who have previously been incarcerated as offenders, without identifying whether these people did in fact reoffend, and if not, why they are still being referred to as an offender. It is issues like this that represent the ever-present stigma ex-offenders face; while they may have served their sentence, and been successfully rehabilitated back into society, they will always be associated with the word offender and whatever negative connotations and stigma that brings with it. A limitation of this research is that the sample size of 60 is incredibly small compared to the population of the UK. The small sample size may have contributed to the non-significant relationship between ideology and stigmatisation of ex-offenders. An issue with small samples is that they do not usually have the ability to represent the larger population, and therefore are not generalizable. However, gaining a sample size of even 60 was difficult in the time allotted for data collection, and so future research should attempt to replicate the findings, but with a larger sample size, in order to test for accuracy. A further limitation is that I did not ask for reasoning behind answers, and so, although it is evident that stigmatisation did occur, I cannot provide the specific reasons why participants stigmatised the candidate in the criminal record and ex-offender groups. This limits findings to understanding the influence of stigmatisation on ex-offenders employment desirability, and does not allow investigation into how reducing stigmatisation effects employment. The purpose of this research was to establish whether the stigmatisation of ex-offenders effects their ability to gain employment, and whether peoples political ideology has an impact on their attitudes towards ex-offenders. Overall, this research has found that preconceived stigmatisation did effect the participants attitude towards the applicant with a criminal record, and the applicant who had previously been incarcerated. Within this research there was a significant decrease in the mean scores for each individual question asked about the applicant, and the overall judgement of the applicant in the criminal record and ex-offender group, when compared to the control group, representing stigmatisation towards individuals who hold criminal records, and those who are ex-offenders. This study also analysed whether the participants political ideologies effected their attitudes towards the applicant with the criminal record and the ex-offender applicant, and while the analysis of covaria nce was not significant, the data showed that in both the criminal record group, and the ex-offender group, the mean total score is significantly lower for those who were consistently conservative than those who were consistently liberal, suggesting that those with consistently liberal core political values were more likely to remove the stigma surrounding the applicant, and instead simply assess how suitable the candidate was for the job at hand. It is evident from both this research, and all the previous research conducted beforehand, that stigmatisation is detrimental to ex-offenders trying to find employment. To rectify this, it could be suggested that future employers allow ex-offenders and individuals holding criminal records a watershed period, where in which they do not have to disclose their previous convictions until a set period of time has passed after employment. It should be stressed that this is only suggested for minor offences, in order to give employers and other staff members a period of time to get to know the individual before knowing of their previous offence. Hopefully, this could mean, as suggested by Hirschfield Piquero (2010), that people in the individuals working environment would be able to witness first hand that not all ex-offenders conform to the abstract stereotype unwillingly placed upon then, and so may be more likely to employ ex-offenders and disregard stigma, when compared to employers wh o have had no contact with anybody that has been incarcerated.

Blindness and Sight - Nothing and Blindness in King Lear :: King Lear essays

Themes of Nothing and Blindness in King Lear Many of the passages of King Lear, particularly those between the characters of Lear, Kent, the Fool, and Cordelia, all share a common theme. The theme of nothing, as well as the theme of blindness, echoes throughout the play. King Lear is in many ways about nothing. However, Kent, the Fool, and Cordelia make him more than nothing by serving faithfully, speaking bluntly, and loving unconditionally. The first occurrence of the imagery of nothing takes place between Lear and Cordelia. In this particular scene, Lear asks his three daughters to profess their love for him. When Cordelia is prompted to speak, she replies "Nothing, my Lord" (1.1.87). Here, Cordelia acknowledges that her other sisters are only putting on an act for Lear. Since she truly loves him the most, she cannot bring herself to praise him falsely. Instead, she says "I love your majesty according to my bond, no more no less" (1.1.92-93). In this short dialogue between Lear and Cordelia, the word "nothing" is said four times. What's notable is that each time it is said, it implies a different meaning. The purpose of this repetition is to show the audience its importance in the text and to make the ideas and imagery that go along with the word to be clear. By replying "nothing" when posed with the question of her love for Lear, Cordelia implies that there is nothing left to say since her sisters have already said al l that there is to be said. This particular passage, with its usage of the word "nothing" also takes on its own rhythm compared to the rest of the text. In a later passage between Lear, Kent, and the Fool, this imagery of "nothing" occurs again. In the Fool's first speech, he gives both Lear and Kent a little bit of his own brand of wisdom. To that, Kent replies, "This is nothing, Fool" (1.4.126). The Fool tells Kent "you gave me nothing for't" (1.4.128). The Fool then asks Lear "Can you make no use of nothing, nuncle?" (1.4.128) To that, Lear relies, "Why no, boy; nothing can be made out of nothing" (1.4.130). These "nothings" that occur again here all seem to have different meanings as well. Kent tells the Fool that his wisdom is nothing, since it seems on the surface to not make any sense. When Kent tells the Fool this, the Fool tells him that it was just free advise, and that he was paid nothing for it.

Discuss the Importance of Dreams Essay

‘Death of a Salesman’ was a play written by Arthur Miller in 1949. It is a story of an ordinary man and his family’s struggle for success in America, the ‘land of opportunity’. The American Dream is the concept that one can begin in life with nothing and through hard work and confidence gain power, wealth and status. There are constant references to this in the play, but it is not portrayed as a perfect system by any means. Other types of dreams too are prominent in ‘Death of a Salesman’ – the protagonist’s (Willy Loman’s) disillusion and dissatisfaction with his lifestyle lead him to indulge in unrealistic fantasies and altered memories of the past. His hopes and ambitions are almost identical to the ideals of the American Dream, as are his struggles typical of those associated with it. In this way, Willy Loman is symbolic of the common American man and this is shown through the pun on ‘Loman’ (low man). Dreams are important in the play because they are the play’s most important structuring device, and also go some way towards explaining why the characters behave in the way that they do. Flashbacks steadily reveal the reason behind Willy and Biff’s animosity, the secret that only Biff knows, and Happy’s need to prove himself. Their other effect is to make the play’s structure non-linear and more like Willy Loman’s continuous stream of consciousness in his last days of life. The other type of dreams – fantasies, hopes and ambitions allow the audience to empathise with the characters. In the play, the only dreams which we do not see are those that happen while sleeping. Willy’s dreams infiltrate his life, becoming more and more frequent. They are almost hallucinations, and later on in the play he becomes less able to discern between reality and fantasy. For example, whilst he is in a restaurant with Biff and Happy, he becomes confused between the door of the restaurant’s washroom and the door of the hotel room in which he committed adultery – â€Å"the washroom †¦ the door †¦ where’s the door? â€Å". The effect of this line on the play is to blur the line between past and present a little, letting the audience feel some of Willy’ confusion. It also creates a sense of danger as to whether his secret will be exposed. Biff and Happy do not experience the same degree of intensity in their dreams, but Happy shares the tendency to exaggerate with his father, for example when he is in the restaurant with Stanley, he tells a girl that Biff is â€Å"one of the greatest football players in the country†. The importance of dreams to the play is emphasised by stage directions and staging, and the non-linear nature of the play. The Lomans’ house has no solid walls, and the apartment buildings can be seen through the back of the house. The apartment buildings symbolise the deterioration of the quality of life that came with increasing urbanisation, and Willy complains about them close to the beginning with ‘the way they boxed us in here. Bricks and windows, windows and bricks’. The lighting around the Lomans’ house is described as an ‘angry glow of orange’ and gives it ‘an air of the dream’. I think that Miller is attempting here to make the set seem menacing and surreal, like a nightmare which steadily worsens. To further this impression, the imaginary wall lines serve as a vehicle for the characters’ (namely Willy) dreams. When the characters are in the present, they enter through the ‘doors’, but during flashbacks they step through the walls, letting the audience know that this is unreal. Other devices used to signal a flashback are the gradual fading in of voices from the past, and in the memories of happier times, the flute. The flute is an instrument symbolic of nostalgia and originates from Willy’s rural, happier childhood. As the time period of the play jumps from past to present with memories and fantasies, it gives the effect of a stream of consciousness rather than a narrative play. Consequently, ‘Death of a Salesman’ could be interpreted as Willy’s train of thoughts leading up to his death. In real time – all the parts of the play which are not dreams – the play is the last twenty four hours of Willy’s life. The flashbacks are cut against real time and the effect of them is firstly to delineate the play’s structure, and secondly to concentrate the audience’s attention on both what will happen to the characters and what did happen in the past to shape them into the way they are now. Willy is only truly happy in his memories or when, as Happy says, ‘he’s looking forward to something’, but this is only his false hope showing through. He spends so much time absorbed in his memories because in the present he is a failure – it isn’t satisfactory. Additionally, we cannot even be sure that the past happened like that as what we are seeing is Willy’s memory, which may well be distorted to fit with his perfect image of the past. This is likely, because even in his memories Willy lies to Linda about his income – â€Å"Well, I – I did – about a hundred and eighty gross in Providence. Well, no – it came to – roughly two hundred gross on the whole trip† Linda knows he exaggerates, and later on she even reveals she knows that he borrows money from Charley so it looks like his salary, but she never questions him because she believes it would insult him. The effect of this maintained secrecy is firstly to show how fragile Willy’s mental state is, and secondly the plight of Linda, who also suffers silently, we find later on, with the knowledge of Willy’s suicide plans. She is keeping up the facade for the sake of her family and perhaps she thinks she can fool herself into believing everything is all right. Although unspoken for much of the play, this is Linda’s way of creating a fantasy as opposed to her unsatisfactory life. The importance of the American Dream in ‘Death of a Salesman’ is very significant. The Lomans are each affected in their own way by the pressures placed upon them by the society they live in. Willy is not ruthless enough to be able to really make it in the business world, but distorts reality to convince himself that all is well. Biff is pressured by Willy’s high expectations of him and his insistence that Biff has ‘greatness’, yet he says himself that â€Å"I don’t fit in business† and all he really wants to do is work in the country ‘with your shirt off’. It is ironic that, in the ‘land of opportunity’, citizens are restricted from attaining their true ambitions (Biff’s idyllic dream) by the pressures placed on them to become wealthy, successful and popular. Happy has a relatively steady job unlike his father and brother, but it lacks status. He is one of two assistants to the assistant buyer, and so feels the need to lie and exaggerate about business, women, his family and so on. Linda is not directly pressured by the American Dream, but suffers because her family are all affected, particularly Willy who she remains loyal to throughout. Biff is the only character who ever questions the American Dream and rejects Willy’s ambition. He is at first deluded by Willy’s insistence that â€Å"Biff, you’ve got greatness in you† but comes to realise that he is nothing special. At Willy’s funeral, he condemns Willy’s ambition with â€Å"he had the wrong dreams. All, all wrong†. Exasperatingly, Happy still hasn’t given up, and vows to achieve the success Willy couldn’t – â€Å"He fought it out here, and this is where I’m gonna win it for him†. This shows the vicious circle of disappointment and frustration – and a parallel between this and recurring nightmares – that can be created by the ‘dark side’ of capitalism and of the American Dream. Capitalism and consumerism are massive parts of the American Dream. The capitalist system of business means that when people are no longer useful they are fired, which is exactly what happens to Willy. Howard, his boss, symbolises the ruthless businessman who does well in capitalism. He is similar to Ben, Willy’s successful brother who will step over anyone to get what he wants. Ben’s ruthless nature is shown when he trips Biff in a play fight – â€Å"suddenly comes in, trips BIFF, and stands over him, the point of his umbrella poised over BIFF’S eye†. The prominence of consumerism is shown in the goods that Willy buys, only to have break down shortly afterwards, and in the importance of advertising to Willy – ‘Whoever heard of a Hastings refrigerator? Once in my life I would like to own something outright before it’s broken! I’m always in a race with the junkyard! I just finished paying for the car and it’s on its last legs! The refrigerator consumes belts like a goddam maniac. They time those things. They time them so when you finally pay for them, they’re used up. † Willy here expresses his dissatisfaction with capitalist culture – connected with the American Dream – and how products are designed (in his view) to bleed as much money from the consumer as possible. The complaint has an air of unfamiliarity with the culture – Willy is idealistic and has a running fantasy that people are far less ruthless than they really are, and that they should make an exception for him due to his ‘popularity’ and his well-connected father.