Narrative of My Escape from Slavery :: essays research papers

This book is about a slave with a half-white get down and a white father. He was born in North Carolina and missed termination in the first few days of his life. His mothers mistress wanted to kill him because he was the son of his mothers slave master. She went to his mothers room at night with a knife but his Grandmother saved his life. Not to long after that he and his mother were sold. When he was about six or seven years old his mothers old master died which lead to all the saves being divided between the children. He was displace to his fathers wifes brother-in-law this separated him from his mother. The way they were divided was that different names of the slaves were written on a subdivision of paper and put into a box. Then the children would all draw from the box and see whom they get. He was accordingly sent hundreds of miles away from his mother to the southern states of America. He caused this being sold to a negro trader. The Trader, Mr. Mitchell, was tell oning a lot of slaves on the way down south but found it steadfastly to sell him. He was a lot whiter then the other slaves which was a problem. This resulted to him being sent to Mr. Seed who he stayed with for a year. He also had a hard time selling him. He was finally sold to a man named Dr. Jones who was a Doctor and Cotton Planter. He was taught to mix medicines and sent to the cotton plantation. He also did work in the doctors home. A few months after he was then sold to a man named Mr. Smith. He was then about twelve years old. For the next eight years he would be sold to many different traders in many different places. after many trades, a man named Mr. Gooch who lived in Cashaw County, South Carolina, now owned him. HE was immediately set to the cotton plantation to work. Mr. Gooch gave him bread and meat for allowance. That whitewash wasnt half enough for him to live on. He was giving hard labor with made him think of his fellow-slaves. HE became tired of the work and tried to hang away. He was caught by a trader and set to Lancaster Gaol. Here slaves advertise for their masters to own them.

Comparison Of Job And Odysseus Essays -- essays research papers

The confidence of Job and Odysseus is controlled by God and the gods. Neither Job nor Odysseus direct agency when the gods are against them. The relationship amidst the divine and human agency is a well-established one in both the ancient Hebrew and ancient Greek cultures. Many acts that could be attributed to human agency are often credited to gods, peculiarly human errors or misdeeds. Humans try to forfeit a good deal of their agency to the gods willingly. Nevertheless the gods attain no reservations about revoking agency from humans. Neither Job nor Odysseus had agency when a god was against them.Job has no agency, no participation in God&8217s decision to make him the object of a wager. God does not give him the option to decline and he is presented with no opportunity in which he king refuse God outright. He has no control over the duration or intensity of his suffering. He is completely at the mercy of God. there is zero point to give an indication of how much agency J ob had before the wager. However the arguments Job makes in chapter three through thirty-seven suggest some agency, especially in his questioning of God &8220Does it seem good to thee to oppress, to despise the work of thy hands and favor the designs of the wicked? Are thy days as the days of man, or thy years as man&8217s years, that thou dost seek out my iniquity and search for my sin, although thou knowest that I am not guilty, and there is none to deliver out of thy hand? (Job, chapter 10, verses 3, 5-7). We will assume Job has as much agency as one could who was &8220blameless and upright, one who feared God, and turned onward from evil (Job, chapter 1, verse 1). The events that destroy Job&8217s property and children seem to be agency limiting by their very nature. To Job, the entire chain of incidents must have appeared as a string of unfortunate coincidences. There was no element of predictability, no chance for Job to prepare for or thwart Satan&8217s plan. Job was blindsi ded. His agency was restricted by his limited knowledge of what was happening around him. The events Satan chose as a means to obliterate Job&8217s possessions and his children, were random and uncontrollable for Job. There was no room for any expression of agency on his part. Job&am... ...erience a loss of agency because of a god. There is one signifi buttockst difference that stands out between Job and Odysseus. That is the reason for their loss of agency and suffering. The reason in for Odysseus&8217 torment is obvious he blind Poseidon&8217s son. How anyone could not expect some form of vengeance, and sometimes I get the feeling Odysseus is caught unaware by Poseidon, is a mystery to me. The rationale bunghole Job&8217s reduction in agency is much less clear and is never addressed by God, who was an accessory to the whole affair by knowingly allowing it to take place. The comforters suggest possible explanations, unhidden sin or a lesson from God, but neither suggestions are c onfirmed or denied. The reason God trustworthy Satan&8217s wager remains a playground for speculation. When the plans of the gods, or God, are against them, neither Odysseus nor Job have control over the direction their lives take. They can only contemplate why it is happening and wait for it to end. Of course, once peace is made with the gods, agency is restored and Job and Odysseus return to the lives waiting and watching, for it is the divine that controls their agency.

A Philosophical View of Animal Rights :: Philosophy Animal Rights Equality Essays

A Philosophical View of Animal Rights Should animals be harmed to benefit mankind? This pressing question has been or so for at least the past two centuries. During the early nineteenth century, animal experiments emerged as an important method of science and, in fact, marked the birth of observational physiology and neuroscience as we currently know it. There were, however, guidelines that existed even back then which restricted the conditions of experimentation. These early rules protected the animals, in the sense that all procedures performed were done so with as little pain as possible and solely to investigate new truths. Adopting the animals? perspectives, they would probably not agree that these types of regulations were much protection, considering the unwanted pain that they matte up first followed by what would ultimately be their death. But, this is exactly the ethical issue at hand. For the most part, animal rights are debated in regards to two issues 1) whether a nimals have the faculty to rationalize or go through a logical thought process and 2) whether or not animals are able to experience pain. However, ?it will not do simply to cite differences between humans and animals in order to provide a rational basis for excluding animals from the scope of our moral deliberations? (Rollin 7). This, Bernard Rollin claims, would be silly. He says that to do this is comparable to a person with a full head of hair excluding all bald men from his moral deliberations simply because they are bald. The square(a) ethical question involved is, ?do these differences serve to justify a moral difference (Rollin 7). Also, which differences between humans and non-humans are significant enough to be considered in determining the non-human?s fate? Over the years, many differences have been proposed. Some theorize that rights suppose upon the ability to possess interest, which in turn depend upon the ability to form verbal formulations, for example. If this were so, then it would rule out the possibility of rights for most animals, with maybe the exception of some primates. But, as Rodd states, ?beings incapable of possessing genuine rights magnate possess moral status in virtue of other qualities, such as the capacity for suffering? (Rodd 4). So, it is easily seen how many views have accumulated all over time. The task of determining animal rights has also come into the context of examining these inherent differences on qualitative and quantitative levels.

Deluded Pursuit in Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus :: Doctor Faustus Essays

Deluded Pursuit in Christopher Marlowes Doctor FaustusAlthough Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus has outclassed every one at Wittenberg with his academic studies, he is still but Faustus, a man. Proud of his accomplishments, he desires to become a superman. His judgment clouded by the sin of his pride, he misunderstands his knowledge and dismisses the disciplines of medicine, philosophy, law, and divinity. He lusts for Gods electrical capacity to make men live eternally or being dead raise them to life again, believing the devils arts of magic and necromancy can give the power, honour, omnipotence and, most importantly, the wealth he craves. His deluded pursuit of the immediate pleasures such wealth can yield brings upon himself the risk of eternal damnation. By conjuring the devil, Faustus removes himself from the influence of the holy place Ghost and Gods love, instigating attacks of despair, and internal conflicts as personified by the Good and Bad Angels. Faustus hunger for immediate gratification suggests immense self-torment and self-denial. Weighing his options at each clamant of time, he maximizes his pleasure and minimizes his pain, apparently discounting the implications of his decisions on his prospects and happiness in the future. Rebelling against God, he invites the devils temptations, hoping to obtain an offer like Satans to Jesus in the desert wilderness. One understands why Satan imputes an infinite value to Christs soul. However, why does Faustus soul warrant twenty-four years of service by Mephostophilis? Faustus, too, is a superior being. He consciously removes the braces of academia, and exerts his free will. After freely entering into his contract with Lucifer, he repeatedly considers repenting. When he calls on Christ to help save distressed Faustus soul, the evil ternary of Lucifer, Belzebub, and Mephostophilis appear, possibly to tear him to pieces. Under duress, he vows, never to name God or pray to him. However, with only one- half hour left on earth, he calls on God. Faustus, forever the horse trader, tries to strike a deal with God. He asks God, for Christs sake and blood, to limit his time in hell from a thousand to a hundred thousand years.

Ideology Essay -- British Politics

Ideology has played an important part in British politics for centuries. It played a part in the setting up of the three major parties as we know them today. Ideology is difficult to define as it is such as widely and loosely used stipulation. Andrew Vincent as well as many other authors, Vincent describes ideology as, the term ideology was a neologism compounded from the Greek terms eidos and logos. It can be defined as a science of ideas (Vincent 2009p.1). Even from this definition it is difficult to fully understand the term ideology as it has such a broad definition. The changing nature of British politics in the post-war era contributed to the level of importance that ideology had during this stop. The post-war period became none as an era of consensus politics, the post-war consensus has been described by David Marsh as, a distinct policy paradigm which shaped the strategic choices of Britains leading political actors as they sought to build and then to preserve a New Jerusale m from the damage created by the war (Marsh 1999p.67) this so called post-war consensus definitely played a part in the remotion of ideology from British politics. Although the post-war consensus did remove the importance of ideology in British politics, there were periods within the post-war consensus where new ideologies emerged. Ideology was important in Clement Attlees government, which had a socialist policy agenda through the creation of the NHS and the advancement of the welfare state, in the 1980s through the emergence of Thatcherism, as well as the creation of New Labour in 1997 and even the current government can be seen as ideological. This essay will first look at the important role that ideology does have to play, and has play... ...the war. Although there has been times when ideology may be seen as unimportant, such as the post-war consensus, this can be seen as an ideology in itself due to the ambiguity of the term, as Hickson writes, both the Labour and Conservative parties accepted the ideology of social democracy (Hickson 2004 p.143). Therefore it is only beauteous to say that ideology has been important in British politics in the post-war era. Thatcher, Attlee and Blair were clearly ideologically motivated as their policies showed, but the post-war consensus can also be seen as a period of ideology that the major parties agreed on, and even the current government can be seen as promoting a new potpourri of ideology of compromise, ideology has and will continue to play an important role in British politics for centuries to come as ideologies adapt and evolve to outburst the political circumstances.

Even Cowgirls Get the Blues - Within the Guidelines of Feminist Discour

Even Cowgirls Get the megrims - Within the Guidelines of Feminist conference Surprisingly, in spite of being a male from the 1970s, turkey cock Robbins has written a novel, Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, supporting feminism. This is a term that most of us are familiar with yet, what is feminism? The Routledge Critical Dictionary of Feminism and Postfeminism defines feminist purpose for us as an active desire to change womens position in society (Brown, Meginis, and Bardari, 231). In order to discuss feminism in terms of Robbins novel, we need to know what feminist theory means when applied to literature. According to Jonathon Culler, a professor of English and comparative literature at Cornell University and author of Literary Theory A Very Short Introduction, feminist theory is based on women writers and the representation of womens experience (124). Naturally, Robbins does not fit the first category of being a woman author since he is male. N ever sotheless, his novel Even Cowgi rls Get the Blues fits within Cullers description of feminist novels that champion the identity of women and demand rights for women (123-124). Robbins does this through the development of his female characters and the plot. Robbins produces a strong female character named Sissy Hankshaw whose spectator is marred by enormous, somewhat useless thumbs. In order to become independent, Sissy leaves the repressive atmosphere in her southern home by participate in the male-dominated phenomenon of hitchhiking as embodied by Jack Kerouac in On the Road. Sissy herself says in reference to her hitchhiking, Im the best there is, ever was or ever will be (53) and develops a national reputation as a hitchhiker. She even competes with and befriends the... ... Jonathan Culler. Literary Theory A Very Short Introduction. Oxford Oxford University Press 1997.Karl, Frederick R. look back of Tom Robbins. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Roger Matuz. 233 vols. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1990. Perso, Jeffrey. The Lost Highway. MetroActive Travel Online. 1 May 1997. 9 April 2001. http//www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/05.01.97/hitchhike-9718.html.Robbins, Tom. Even Cowgirls Get the Blues. New York Bantam, 1976.Siegel, Mark. Critique of Tom Robbins. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Roger Matuz. 233 vols. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1990.Travis, Cheryl Brown, Kayce L. Meginnis, and Kristin M. Bardari. Beauty, Sexuality, and Identity The Social Control of Women. Sexuality, Society, and Feminism. Ed. Cheryl Brown Travis and Jacquelyn W. White. Washington American Psychological Association, 2000.

Importance of television in our life Essay

Natural condom, in any case called India inborn coat eraser or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of suitable polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of opposite organic compounds plus water. Forms of polyisoprene that argon use upful as natural no-goods argon classified aselastomers. Currently, rubber is harvested mainly in the form of the rubber-base paint from certain maneuvers.The latex paint paint is a sticky, milky colloid drawn off by making incisions into the bark and collecting the fluid in vessels in a mental process called tapping. The latex then is refined into rubber rig for commercial processing. Natural rubber is utilise extensively in many applications and products, either alone or in combination with other materials. In near of its useful forms, it has a large stretch ratio, high resilience, and is super waterproof.1VarietieseditThe major commercial source of natural rubber latex is the equating rubber tree ( rubber tree brasiliensis), a member of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. This species is widely utilize be beget it grows well infra cultivation and a properly managed tree responds to wounding by producing more latex for some(prenominal) years. Many other plants produce forms of latex rich in isoprene polymers, though not all produce usable forms of polymer as easily as the Par rubber tree does some of them require more elaborate processing to produce anything like usable rubber, and nigh atomic number 18 more difficult to tap. both(prenominal) produce other desirable materials, for example gutta-percha (Palaquium gutta)2 and chicle from Manilkara species.Others that have been commercially exploited, or at least have shown promise as sources of rubber, accommodate the rubber fig (Ficus elastica), Panama rubber tree (Castilla elastica), various spurges (Euphorbia spp.), lettuce (Lactuca species), the related Scorzonera tau-saghyz, various Taraxacum species, including common dandel ion (Taraxacum officinale) and Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz), and guayule (Parthenium argentatum). The term gum rubber is some time applied to the tree-obtained version of natural rubber in order to distinguish it from the celluloid version.1 Discovery of commercial potentialeditThe parity rubber tree is indigenous to South the States. Charles Marie de La Condamine is credited with introducing samples of rubber to the Acadmie Royale des Sciences of France in 1736.3 In 1751, he presented a paper by Franois Fresneau to the Acadmie (eventually make in 1755) which described many of the properties of rubber. This has been referred to as the runner scientific paper on rubber.3 In England, Joseph Priestley, in 1770, observed that a erect of the material was extremely good for rubbing off pencil marks on paper, hence the name rubber. Later, it s wiped out(p)ly made its way slightly England. South America remained the main source of the limited amounts of latex rubber used d uring much of the 19th century.In 1876, atomic number 1 Wickham gathered thousands of Para rubber tree seeds from Brazil, and these were germinated in Kew Gardens, England. The seedlings were then sent to India, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Indonesia, Singapore, and British Malaya. Malaya (now Malaysia) was later to become the biggest producer of rubber. In the early 1900s, the Congo handsome State in Africa was also a crucial source of natural rubber latex, mostly gathered by force playd labor. Liberia and Nigeria also started production of rubber. In India, commercial cultivation of natural rubber was introduced by the British planters, although the experimental efforts to grow rubber on a commercial scale in India were initiated as early as 1873 at the Botanical Gardens, Calcutta. The first commercial Hevea plantations in India were established at Thattekadu in Kerala in 1902.In Singapore and Malaya, commercial production of rubber was heavily promoted by Sir Henry Nicholas Ridley, who served as the first Scientific Director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens from 1888 to 1911. He distributed rubber seeds to many planters and developed the first technique for tapping trees for latex without causing unsafe harm to the tree.4Because of his very fervent promotion of this crop, he is popularly remembered by the nickname Mad Ridley.5 PropertieseditRubber latex Rubber exhibits unique physical and chemic properties. Rubbers stress-strain behavior exhibits the Mullins effect and the Payne effect, and is often modeled as hyperelastic. Rubber strain crystallizes. Owing to the presence of a double bond in each repeat unit, natural rubber is susceptible to vulcanisation and sensitive to ozone cracking. The two main solvents for rubber are turpentine and naphtha (petroleum).The former has been in use since 1764 when Franois Fresnau made the discovery. Giovanni Fabbroni is credited with the discovery of naphtha as a rubber solvent in 1779. Because rubber does not dissolve easi ly, the material is finely divided by shredding prior to its immersion. An ammonia solution can be used to prevent the coagulation of raw latex piece of music it is being transported from its collection site. ElasticityeditIn most elastic materials, such as metals used in springs, the elastic behavior is caused by bond distortions. When force is applied, bond lengths deviate from the (minimum postal code) equilibrium and strain energy is stored electrostatically. Rubber is often assumed to behave in the same way, but this is a poor description. Rubber is a curious material because, unlike in metals, strain energy is stored thermally. In its relaxed state, rubber consists of long, coiled-up chains. When rubber is stretched, the chains are taut. Their kinetic energy is released as heat. The entropy and temperature increases during elongation but decreases during relaxation. This change in entropy is related to the changes in degrees of freedom.Relaxation of a stretched rubber bar is thus driven by a decrease in entropy and temperature, and the force experienced is a result of the cooling of the material being converted to potential energy. Rubber relaxation isendothermic, and for this reason the force exerted by a stretched piece of rubber increases with temperature. The material undergoes adiabatic cooling during contraction. This property of rubber can easily be verified by holding a stretched rubber band to ones lips and relaxing it. Stretching of a rubber band is in some ways opposite to compression(although both undergo higher levels of thermal energy of an ideal gas), and relaxation is opposed to gas expansion (Note rubber bands last longer in the cold).A compressed and heated gas also exhibits elastic properties, for instance inside an inflated car tire. The fact that stretching is equivalent to compression is counterintuitive, but it makes sense if rubber is viewed as a running(a) gas, plus it is attached to other molecules. Stretching and heat incr ease the space available to each section of chain, because the molecules are pulled apart.Vulcanization of rubber creates disulfide bonds between chains, so it limits the degrees of freedom. The result is that the chains tighten more quickly for a given strain, thereby increasing the elastic force constant and making rubber harder and little extensible. When cooled below the glass transition temperature, the quasifluid chain segments freeze into fixed geometries and the rubber abruptly loses its elastic properties, although the process is reversible. This property it shared by most elastomers. At very low temperatures, rubber is rather brittle. This critical temperature is the reason winter tires use a softer version of rubber than normal tires. The failing rubber o-ring seals that contributed to the cause of the Challenger disaster were thought to have cooled below their critical temperature the disaster happened on an unusually cold mean solar day.The gas molecules in the rubber were too determination to their bound solid molecules(a partial phase change that separated the rubber molecules may have occurred), allowing the rubber to take on a more solid shape(a partial phase change to a more liquid and molecularly separated form would not be good, either). Heated gas has a higher energy, and rubber must be kept at specific temperatures and probably should not be used on vehicles that undergo extreme temperature changes. chemical makeupeditLatex is the polymer cis-1,4-polyisoprene with a molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000 dal heaps. Typically, a wasted percentage (up to 5% of ironical mass) of other materials, such as proteins, fatty acids, resins, and inorganic materials (salts) are found in natural rubber. Polyisoprene can also be created synthetically, producing what is sometimes referred to as synthetic natural rubber, but the synthetic and natural routes are completely different.1Chemical structure of cis-polyisoprene, the main constituent o f natural rubber Synthetic cis-polyisoprene and natural cis-polyisoprene are derived from different precursors. Some natural rubber sources, such as gutta-percha, are composed of trans-1,4-polyisoprene, a structural isomer that has similar, but not identical, properties. Natural rubber is an elastomer and a thermoplastic. Once the rubber is vulcanized, it lead turn into a thermoset. Most rubber in everyday use is vulcanized to a point where it shares properties of both i.e., if it is heated and cooled, it is degraded but not destroyed. The final properties of a rubber fact depend not just on the polymer, but also on modifiers and fillers, such as speed of light black, factice, whiting, and a host of others. BiosynthesiseditRubber particles are create in the cytoplasm of specialized latex-producing cells called laticifers within rubber plants.6 Rubber particles are surrounded by a single phospholipid membrane with hydrophobic tails pointed inward. The membrane allows biosyntheti c proteins to be sequestered at the surface of the growing rubber particle, which allows virgin monomeric units to be added from outside the biomembrane, but within the lacticifer. The rubber particle is an enzymatically spry entity that contains three layers of material, the rubber particle, a biomembrane, and free monomeric units. The biomembrane is held tightly to the rubber core due to the high negative charge along the double bonds of the rubber polymer backbone.7Free monomeric units and conjugated proteins make up the outer layer. The rubber precursor is isopentenyl pyrophosphate (an allylic compound), which elongates by Mg2+-dependent condensation by the action of rubber transferase. The monomer adds to the pyrophosphate end of the growing polymer.8 The process displaces the terminal high-energy pyrophosphate. The reaction produces a cis polymer. The initiation step is catalyzed by prenyltransferase, which converts three monomers of isopentenyl pyrophosphate into farnesyl p yrophosphate.9 The farnesyl pyrophosphate can bind to rubber transferase to elongate a new rubber polymer.The required isopentenyl pyrophosphate is obtained from the mevalonate pathway, which is derives from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. In plants, isoprene pyrophosphate can also be obtained from 1-deox-D-xyulose-5-phosphate/2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway within plasmids.10 The relative ratio of the farnesyl pyrophosphate initiator unit and isoprenyl pyrophosphate elongation monomer determines the rate of new particle synthesis versus elongation of existing particles. Though rubber is known to be produced by only one enzyme, extracts of latex have shown numerous small molecular weight proteins with unknown function. The proteins possibly serve as cofactors, as the synthetic rate decreases with complete removal.11 Current sourceseditClose to 21 million tons of rubber were produced in 2005, of which approximately 42% was natural. Since the bulk of the rubber produced is of t he synthetic variety, which is derived from petroleum, the price of natural rubber is determined, to a large extent, by the prevailing ball-shaped price of crude oil.1213 Today, Asia is the main source of natural rubber, accounting for about 94% of output in 2005. The three largest producing countries, Thailand, Indonesia (2.4m tons)14 and Malaysia, together account for around 72% of all natural rubber production. Natural rubber is not cultivated widely in its native continent of South America due to the conception of South American leaf blight, and other natural predators of the rubber tree. CultivationeditRubber is generally cultivated in large plantations. See the coconut shell used in collecting latex, in plantations in Kerala, India Rubber latex is extracted from rubber trees. The economic life period of rubber trees in plantations is around 32 years up to 7 years of immature phase and about 25 years of productive phase. The reproach requirement of the plant is generally we ll-drained, weathered soil consisting of laterite, lateritic types, sedimentary types, nonlateritic red, or alluvial soils. The climatic conditions for optimum growth of rubber trees are Rainfall of around 250 cm evenly distributed without any marked dry season and with at least 100 rainy days per year Temperature range of about 20 to 34C, with a monthly mean of 25 to 28C High atmospheric humidity of around 80%Bright sunshine amounting to about 2000 hours per year at the rate of six hours per day by means ofout the year Absence of strong winds Many high-yielding clones have been developed for commercial planting. These clones yield more than 2,000 kg of dry rubber per hectare per year, when grown under ideal conditions.Field coagulaeditMixed field coagulaSmallholders lump at a remilling factory There are four types of field coagula, cuplump, treelace, smallholders lump and solid ground scrap. Each has fundamentally different properties.15 Cuplump is the grumose material found in the collection cup when the tapper next visits the tree to tap it again. It arises from latex clinging to the walls of the cup after the latex was last poured into the bucket, and from late-dripping latex exuded before the latex-carrying vessels of the tree become blocked. It is of higher purity and of greater value than the other three types.Treelace is the clot strip that the tapper peels off the previous cut before making a new cut. It usually has higher copper and manganese contents than cuplump. both(prenominal) copper and manganese are pro-oxidants and can lower the physical properties of the dry rubber. Smallholders lump is produced by smallholders who collect rubber from trees a long way forward from the nearest factory. Many Indonesian smallholders, who grow paddy in remote areas, tap dispersed trees on their way to work in the paddy handle and collect the latex (or the coagulated latex) on their way home.As it is often impossible to preserve the latex sufficiently to g et it to a factory that processes latex in time for it to be used to make high quality products, and as the latex would anyway have coagulated by the time it reached the factory, the smallholder will coagulate it by any means available, in any container available. Some smallholders use small containers, buckets etc., but often the latex is coagulated in holes in the ground, which are usually (but not always) lined with plastic. Acidic materials and fermented fruit juices are used to coagulate the latex a form of assisted biological coagulation. small-minded care is taken to exclude twigs, leaves, and even bark from the lumps that are formed, which may also include treelace collected by the smallholder. Earth scrap is the material that gathers around the base of the tree.It arises from latex overflowing from the cut and running down the bark of the tree, from rain flooding a collection cup containing latex, and from spillage from tappers buckets during collection. It contains soil and other contaminants, and has variable rubber content depending on the amount of contaminants mixed with it. Earth scrap is collected by the field workers two or three times a year and may be cleaned in a scrap-washer to retrieve the rubber, or sold off to a contractor who will clean it and recover the rubber. It is of very low quality and under no circumstances should it be included in block rubber or brown crepe. ProcessingeditRemoving coagulum from coagulating troughsThe latex will coagulate in the cups if kept for long. The latex has to be collected before coagulation. The collected latex, field latex, is transferred into coagulation tanks for the preparation of dry rubber or transferred into air-tight containers with sieving for ammoniation. Ammoniation is necessary to preserve the latex in colloidal state for long. Latex is generally impact into either latex concentrate for make up of dipped goods or it can be coagulated under controlled, clean conditions using formic aci d.The coagulated latex can then be processed into the higher-grade, technically specified block rubbers such as SVR 3L or SVR CV or used to produce Ribbed Smoke Sheet grades. Naturally coagulated rubber (cup lump) is used in the manufacture of TSR10 and TSR20 grade rubbers. The processing of the rubber for these grades is a size reduction and cleaning process to remove contamination and wangle the material for the final stage of drying.16 The dried material is then baled and palletized for storage and shipment in various methods of transportation. TransportationeditNatural rubber latex is shipped from factories in southwestern Asia, South America, and North Africa to destinations around the world. As the cost of natural rubber has risen significantly, the shipping methods which offer the lowest cost per unit of weight are preferred. Depending on the destination, warehouse availability, and transportation conditions, some methods are more suitable to certain buyers than others. In international trade, latex rubber is mostly shipped in 20-foot marine containers. Inside the ocean container, various types of smaller containers are used by factories to store latex rubber.17 UseseditCompression molded (cured)rubber boots before the flashesare removed Contemporary manufacturingedit some 25 million tonnes of rubber is produced each year, of which 42 percent is natural rubber. The remainder is synthetic rubber derived from petrochemical sources. Around 70 percent of the worlds natural rubber is used in tires. The top end of latex production results in latex products such as surgeons gloves, condoms, balloons and other relatively high-value products.The mid-range which comes from the technically-specified natural rubber materials ends up largely in tires but also in conveyor belts, marine products and miscellaneous rubber goods. Natural rubber offers good elasticity, while synthetic materials tend to offer better resistance to environmental factors such as oils, temp erature, chemicals or ultraviolet light and suchlike. Cured rubber is rubber which has been compound and subjected to the vulcanisation process which creates cross-links within the rubber matrix. Prehistoric useseditThe first use of rubber was by the Olmecs, who centuries later passed on the knowledge of natural latex from the Hevea tree in 1600 BC to the ancient Mayans. They boiled the harvested latex to make a ball for a Mesoamerican ballgame.18 Pre-World War II manufacturingeditOther significant uses of rubber are door and window profiles, hoses, belts, gaskets, matting, flooring, and dampeners (antivibration mounts) for the automotive industry. Gloves (medical, household and industrial) and toy balloons are also large consumers of rubber, although the type of rubber used is concentrated latex. evidentiary tonnage of rubber is used as adhesives in many manufacturing industries and products, although the two most noticeable are thepaper and the carpet industries. Rubber is also commonly used to make rubber bands and pencil erasers. Pre-World War II textile applicationseditRubber produced as a fiber, sometimes called elastic, has significant value for use in the textile industry because of its excellent elongation and recovery properties. For these purposes, manufactured rubber fiber is made as either an extruded round fiber or orthogonal fibers that are cut into strips from extruded film. Because of its low dye acceptance, feel and appearance, the rubber fiber is either covered by yarn of another fiber or today woven with other yarns into the fabric. In the early 1900s, for example, rubber yarns were used in foundation garments.While rubber is still used in textile manufacturing, its low tenacity limits its use in lightweight garments because latex lacks resistance to oxidizing agents and is damaged by aging, sunlight, oil, and perspiration. Seeking a way to address these shortcomings, the textile industry has dark to neoprene (polymer of chloroprene), a type of synthetic rubber, as well as another more commonly used elastomer fiber, spandex (also known as elastane), because of their superiority to rubber in both strength and durability. VulcanizationeditMain article Vulcanization Natural rubber is often vulcanized, a process by which the rubber is heated and sulfur, peroxide or bisphenol are added to improve resistance and elasticity, and to prevent it from perishing. The development of vulcanization is most closely associated with Charles Goodyear in 1839.19 Before World War II era manufacturing, carbon black was often used as an additive to rubber to improve its strength, especially in vehicle tires. Today, all vehicle tires are made of synthetic rubbers. Allergic reactionseditMain article Latex allergy Some people have a serious latex allergy, and exposure to natural latex rubber products such as latex gloves can cause anaphylactic shock. The antigenic proteins found in Hevealatex may be deliberately reduced (though not elimina ted)20 through processing. Latex from non-Hevea sources, such as Guayule, can be used without allergic reaction by persons with an allergy to Hevea latex.21 Some allergic reactions are not to the latex itself, but from residues of chemicals used to accelerate the cross-linking process. Although this may be confused with an allergy to latex, it is distinct from it, typically taking the form of Type IV hypersensitivity in the presence of traces of specific processing chemicals.2022

Using Material from Item a and Elsewhere, Assess Sociological Views of Crime Reduction Strategies.

Using material from item A and elsewhere, assess sociological views of abuse decrement st investgies. (21 marks). There ar numerous different types of strategies for crime reduction. These include crime legal profession tactics which be suitable for whole societies, and also forms of punishment which atomic number 18 suitable for individuals. Crime prevention strategies include situational crime prevention, environmental crime prevention, and social and community crime prevention. Ron Clark describes situational crime prevention as a pre-emptive barbel that relies, not on improving society or its institutions, but simple on reducing opportunities for crime.He identifies three features of measures aimed at situational crime prevention, firstly that they are directed at specific crimes, that they involve managing or altering the immediate environment of the crime and lastly that they aim at increasing the effort and risks of committing crime and reducing the rewards. For example , target hardening measures such as increased surveillance in shops via CCTV or security guards increases the effort a shoplifter needs to make. vestigial situation crime prevention approaches is an rational choice theory.This is the view that criminals act rationally, weighing up the costs and benefits of a crime opportunity before decision making whether to commit it. This contrasts with theories that stress root causes such as capitalist exploitation. Clarke argues that most theories offer no realistic declarations to crime. The most obvious things to do, he argues, is to focus on the immediate crime situation, since this is where possibility for prevention is greatest. Most crime is opportunistic, so we need to reduce the opportunities.One criticism of situation crime prevention measures is that they do not reduce crime, they simply displace it. For example, Chaiken et al found that a crackdown on subway robberies in tender York merely displaced them to the streets above. Al though displacement can be in several forms, spatial, temporal, target, tactical and functional. However other than the criticism of displacement, situation crime prevention methods are also criticised as it tends to focus on opportunistic superficial street crimes. It ignores white collar, corporate and state crime, which are costly and harmful.Environmental crime prevention is based on the phase of broken windows, Wilson and Kelling use this point to floor for all the various signs of disorder and lack of concern for others that are found in some neighbourhoods. They argue that leaving broken windows unrepaired sends out a signal that no one cares. In these neighbourhoods, there is an absence of both formal social control and informal control. The police are only pertain with heavy crime and turn a blind eye to petty nuisance behaviour, while respectable members of the community feel intimidated and powerless. Without curative action, the worry deteriorates.As item A shows t his causes families and respectable people to move out and the area becomes a magnet for deviants. Wilson and Kellings key idea is that disorder and the absence of controls leads to crime. Their solution is to crack down on any disorder using a twofold strategy. First an environmental improvement strategy that any broken window must be repaired immediately, otherwise more will follow and the neighbourhood will be on the slide. Secondly the police must adopt a zero perimeter policing strategy. Instead of merely reacting to crime, the must proactively tackle even the slightest sign of disorder, even if it is not criminal.This would halt neighbourhood decline and prevent serious crime taking root. Great success has been claimed for zero tolerance policing, especially in New York. Programs that were set up to tackle subway graffiti, fare dodging, do drugs dealing and begging proved successful, from this in New York there was a significant fall in crime. However, it is not clear how far zero tolerance was the cause of the improvements, as the NYPD previously benefited from 7000 extra officers as well as there was also a general decline in the crime rate in major US cities at the time, including ones where police did not adopt a zero tolerance policy.Nonetheless, zero tolerance has been very influential globally, including the UK, where it has influenced New Labours anti-social behaviour policies. In contrast to Wilson and Kellings approach, social and community prevention strategies place the emphasis firmly on the potential wrongdoer and their social context. The aim of these strategies is to remove the conditions that predispose individuals to crime in the first place. These are longer-term strategies, since they attempt to tackle the root causes of offending, rather than simply removing opportunities for crime.Because the causes of crime are often rotted in social conditions such as poverty, more general social reform programmes addressing these issues may hav e a crime prevention role, even if this is not their main focus. All three approaches discussed above take for granted the nature and definition of crime. They generally focus on fairly low-altitude and/or interpersonal crimes of violence. This disregards the crimes of the powerful and environmental crimes. The definition of the crime problem reflects the priorities of politicians and agencies tasked with crime prevention.

Catalase Formal Lab Report

You were to analyze a variety of judges including analyzing a glucose effect for the presence of wide-eyed reducing sugars, analyzing a sample of veg oil for the presence of lipids, analyzing a ample of gelatin for the presence of protein, and analyzing an unknown sample to determine the presence of starch, simple reducing sugars, lipids, and proteins through chemical sees. (Packet, Grafton 2014) ambit Molecules atomic number 18 two or more atoms bonded together to make one system. Most of the common molecules In living organisms fit In four classes of cytosine contacting molecules, which argon carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.Carbohydrates occur In foods and living tissues, and contain hydrogen and oxygen with the same ratio as pee. The ratio 1 . Lipids are basically fats. They are unable to be dissolved in piddle or any liquid but can dissolve in native solvents. The configuration of cells are composed of a variety of chemical molecules. Cell metabolis m involved the construction and obliteration of numerous diverse sorts of molecules. (Packet, Grafton 2014) Proteins are highly varied organic molecules establishing a large percentage of the mass of every organism.Proteins are an essential nutrient in the diet of animals and other non-photosynthesis organisms. Lastly, nucleic acids are long macromolecules, can be DNA or various types of RNA. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and they transfer genetic information. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, and it Is complimentary to the DNA strand. RNA Is almost Identical to DNA draw off for the replacement of the sugar ribose for didgeridoos. (Unknown Author, Dictionary. Com 2014) possible action Hypothesis A If you add iodine to the soluble starch, thusly it will turn a different color than the correspondence because a starch is present.Hypothesis B If you boil the soluble starch with Benedicts solution in it, then it will turn a different color because the simple reducing sugars are present. Hypothesis C If you drop water and give oil on cook litmus paper, then the water will semi-transparent and the corn oil will not because the corn oil is a thicker substance. Hypothesis D If you keep ethanol in one test tube and water in another, and you add oil to each, then the oil will be solvent In the ethanol but not In the water.Hypothesis E If you have three test tubes with gelatin In one, glucose solution in another, and water In the third, and you add Blurred reagent Into each, then the gelatin will change color. Hypothesis Fl If you add Benedicts solution to the urine sample and boll It, then It will change color, indicating that glucose is present. Hypothesis IF If you add iodine to the urine you add Beiruts solution to the patients urine sample, then it will change color, meaning a protein, or child, is present.Hypothesis IF If you invest a drop of the urine sample on a small get together of brown sample and another drop of water to compare, then both will be semi-transparent because no kidney stones will be present. Procedures For the first test, start by acquire three test tubes and label 1, 2, and 3. minimal brain dysfunction xx drops of soluble starch to test tube one, twenty drops of glucose solution to tube two, ND twenty drops of distilled water to tube three. After this, shew the colors in put back one. Next, add iodine solution to each test tube and record the color from the demise result, and add the iodine solution in Table 1.Rinse the remains of the test tubes down the sink, and use the test tube brush, soap, and water to dust them. Dry them and put them into the test tube bin. The next test is started by heating the water bath to boiling and getting three test tubes labeled 1, 2, and 3. Add twenty drops of soluble starch to test tube one, twenty drops of glucose solution to test tube two, and ad twenty drops of distilled water to test tube three. Now, record the sign color of the con tennerts of each tube in Tabl e one. Add forty drops of Benedicts solution to each test tube, and record the color after adding it in Table two.Place all three text tubes in a boiling water bath for three minutes. Remove the test tubes from the water bath apply a test tube holder and place the test tubes in the test tube rack to cool, and record the color of each tubes contents in Table two. Rinse the contests down the sink, and proceed to clean with soap and the test tube brush. Dry and place the bubs into the bin. For the next test get two test tubes and label them one and two, then add forty drops of ethanol to test tube one and forty drops of distilled water to test tube two.Next, add ten drops of oil and a dropper to each test tube and stir well. Let the contents settle and record the results in Table four. Proceed to clean the tube normally. As another test label three test tubes as one, two, and three. Add sixty drops of gelatin to test tube one, sixty drops of glucose solution to test tube two, and sixt y drops of distilled water to test tube three. Record the initial color of the contents n each tube in Table five. Now add twenty drops of Beirut reagent into each test tube and record the new color.Wash and dry the test tubes normally and place them into the bin. Starting a new test, place three millimeters of the urine sample in a test tube. In a new test tube, place three millimeters of water. Add forty drops of Benedicts solution to each tube and place both into a boiling water bath for five minutes. Record those results in Table six. As a new test, place three millimeters of the urine sample in a test tube and three millimeter of water into another test tube, as a control. Add forty drops of Logos iodine to each tube and record data in Table six.With another test, add three millimeters of the urine sample in a test tube and three millimeters of water into another test tube. To each tube add forty drops of Beiruts solution and record the results in Table six. In the last testing procedure place a drop of the urine sample on a small piece of brown paper and drop of water on the other side of the paper. After allowing the paper to dry for a few minutes, hold the paper up to the light to observe if the spots re semi-transparent or not. Finish by recording the last results in Table six.

International Maritime Organization

Structure International Maritime Organization (IMO) is an agency in the linked Nations that is responsible for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine pollution. The IMO is broken up into an Assembly, a Council and five other committees Maritime Safety committal, Marine environs Protection Committee, Legal Committee, Technical Co-operation Committee, and the Facilitation Committee. The Assembly is the overseer of the Organization, it consists of member states (countries that have adopted the IMO) and meets once every two years.It is also responsible for voting the compute and determining the financial status of the Organization. The Council is elected by the Assembly for a two term period. It consists of x countries with the largest interest in providing international shipping services, ten countries with the largest interest in international seaborne trade, and twenty countries which have special interests in maritime navigation. Their functions are to co-ordinate the activities of the Committees and receive reports and proposals from the Committees and submit them to the Assembly.They also propose the Secretary General of the IMO which currently is Koji Sekimizu (Japan) and enter into agreements about their connections with other Organizations. The Maritime Safety Committees functions are to consider matter relating to aids of navigation, locution and equipment of vessels, rules of the road, handling of dangerous cargo, maritime safety procedures, marine casualty investigations, and more. The Marine Environment Protection Committee determines any matter that controls the prevention and pollution of ships. It in particular spend a pennys regulations to ensure their enforcement.The Legal Committee deals with all legal matters within the IMO. The Technical Co-operation Committee considers matters that implement the IMO as the executive Organization in the technical co-operation field. The Facilitation Committee eliminates unnece ssary regulations in international shipping, by implementing all aspects of the Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic. History of the IMO When IMO was adopted in 1948 its first task was to make a new version of SOLAS. The first task was the biggest and so far most important the IMO has had to deal with.After SOLAS, it focused on maritime traffic, load lines, and pollution. pollution has recently become the major focus of the IMO and in response to the pollution issue created the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. In 1988 GMDSS was adopted so now a ship in distress anywhere in the world can be guaranteed assistance. The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) change standards and gave IMO power to check Government actions and record all of this information. Cite www. imo. org

Margaret Sanger

Marg bet Higgins Sanger ( 1879- 1966), was an American Pioneer in the birth consider movement, was born in corning, new-fashioned York., on September 14, 1879, the sixth of eleven children. Educated at Claverack College and Hudson River Institute, she hoped to be perform a physician precisely was obliged to compromise on nursing. She married William Sanger in 1990, and although they were divorced in 1913, she retained his name for professional inventions even after her marriage to J. N. H. slee the following year.As a nurse in New York City, Mrs. Sanger became aware of the pauperism and death resulting from over- large families and stillbirths. Prevented by the Comstock Law of 1873 from providing a formation on contraception, 1912 she wrote two series of articles What Every M other should lie with and What Every Girl should k flat. In 1914 she founded the subject field ancestry Control League and established a monthly magazine, The Woman Rebel. The next year she circulated t hrough the mail a pamphlet, Family Limitations, for which she was indicated but the case was dropped.In 1916 Mrs. Sanger opened the first birth-control clinic in America, in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn. She was again indicted and served 30 days in prison. In the same year she established the Birth Control Review, which she go on to publish until 1928.Seeking to persuade both the medical profession and the public of the importance of her cause, Mrs. Sanger traveled throughout the country and the world on lecture. She nonionised the first bailiwick and international birth control conferences. In 1923, she established the Clinical Research Bureau, staffed with physicians, amicable workers and technicians. In a police raid on the clinic in 1926, doctors records were seized.As a result of this violation of the principle of medical privacy, the profession rallied to defend its right to dispense the information where it was considered advisable, and the clinic resumed its work. In 1932, with the sponsorship of many Protestant Churches organizations, Mrs. Sanger initiated the national Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control. Four years later, a U.S District Court upheld the right of physicians to became obsolete. In 1937 the American Medical necktie publicly endorsed birth control.The National Birth Control League and the clinics were combined in 1942 in the Planned Parenthood Association of America, with Mrs. Sanger as honorary chairman. For the purpose of checking the world population explosion, this was later expanded into the International Planned Parenthood Federation. Among her works are The Case for Birth Control in1917 The Pivot of Civilization in 1922 My Fight for Birth Control in 1931 and Margaret Sanger, an Autobiography in 1938.Margaret Sanger is considered as one of the Nursing Leader along with her are Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, Lillian Wald, Lavinia Dock and Mary Breckinridge. Sanger make a notable contribution both to n ursing history and also in the womens history. She was a politically astute pioneer. Her skills at influencing others and bringing nearly change remain models for political nurse activists today.As a public health nurse in New York, she was frequently exposed to the countrys social problems such as abortion. She made a lasting impact on womens health care. Her imprisonment in the opening of her first birth control information in America did not stop her from doing service with her fellow men. She is considered founder of Planned Parenthood. Her experience with the large number of unwanted pregnancies among the working short(p) was instrumental in addressing this problem.Margaret Sanger died in Tuscon, Arizona on September 6, 1966 receivable to Tuberculosis and Cervical Cancer. What she had undergone during her pregnancies where in she had some miscarriages also led her to the idea of living and Health protection. She is considered as one of the most important person in this ce ntury due to her great contributions and mind opening ideas slightly contraception and demeanor preservation. She really defended the rights of women and the protection of their health by making the Planned Parenthood and the establishment of birth control practice.Poverty did not stop Margaret Sanger from being a booming nurse. She wanted to be a doctor but just settled in nursing. As she opened her first clinic, her purposed persons were the poor and rich individuals in America. The Victorians and other physicians refuted and rebutted Sangers ideas. Due to this event, she left the league and started to rent teachings in the different social class in America about planning and the importance of the health of the women in bearing children. Through this, Sanger had educated a great number of individuals whom she has helped with her client teachings.It is because of Margaret Sanger that birth control are widely distributed and are of easy throw to those individuals who needed it the most. What she established did great impacts on the U.S society that until is being followed and widely used also worldwide. If it is not for Sanger, we would not be made educate on the proper planning of having kids and to avoid abortion because life is precious and is a gift. Her established plans and projects helped in starting or developing Planned Parenthood and National Organizations for Women which the only aim is to protect the women from any forms of health illness.Also, through Sanger many denominations perceive birth control in a different perspective. Although thither are still some Religion that is really against it, the good intimacys is that it is only a minority. Many of the different denominations worldwide are following her ideas about planning to have children. Sanger fought for the rights of the women being easily exploited by the men because of uneducation about their health and what are the things they are ought to do. She was very much sensitive to the ne eds of the women, maybe due to what she experienced and what she saw from her beloved mother.She viewed Sexuality as a form frailty. She also perceived firmly that Masturbation was perilous because for her this habit is one thing that once you started will never be out from your system, you will always find time to do it and seek its happening. Sanger also believed that if you masturbate a lot, there is a tendency that you have a poor possibility to do sexual intercourse in a natural way. She also perceives that Masturbation is not just doing it physically but by also letting the mind work. A teenager, a young man or woman imagines sexually plain things in her mind and when this is always being done this comes out naturally.She also is an advocate of Eugenics, the process of selective breeding to improve heredity. She believed that all should be well-thought-of and heard regarding ones views and perception. She was imprisoned several times due to her ideas about parenthood planning but still she continued until she became successful in her field of expertise. She now is symbolic person who contributed much to the worlds awareness and especially in the awareness of the American Society.Although instigated by organizations that are for or pro for life, she continued to do her part to help the women. Many leaders admired her and one of them was Martin Luther. Indeed Sanger left a legacy that all of the people when they will come to know and understand, will really admire her for her strength and her courage to fight for the rights of the women amidst the persecutors around her. She was such a woman sympathizer, a woman who was toughen by time and experiences would also want to help other women to be healthy , be protected from diseases, and have the right to promote and plan a family.Until her death, she believed that abortion is really a wrong choice. Abortion is the expulsion of a fetus inside a womb and not considering the period abortion is performed, it is still a sin because a there is already a life existing inside the womb of the woman may it be just 1 calendar week or 2 weeks. For Sanger, Contraception is the best way to plan and establish a family of ones own. Contraception is not that dangerous as with abortion, Contraception is very much secured from any forms of danger and most of all, it does not cost you to sin just to be freed from the situation you are in. it gives you a clear conscience and guilt about the preservation and protection of human life especially in planning a family.ReferencesHalsey, William. Margaret Sanger. 1988. Johnston, Bernard. Margaret Higgins Sanger. 1986. Kozier, et al. Fundamentals of Nursing. Pages 7- 8. Prentice Hall, 2004. Margaret Sanger. Colliers Encyclopedia. leger 18. U.S.A 1962. Sanger, Margaret. Comptons Encyclopedia. Volume 20. Tribune Publishing Company, 1995.

The Secret Under the Veil

The legendary author Nathaniel Hawthornes intriguing story, The sees Black hide out, may be initially read as simply a towns aversion to a pastors strange closing to wear a black enshroud, but a deeper examination will reveal more profound valuesparticularly one that echo those of the source himself. Hawthorne was known to espo intention beliefs on mans propensity toward evil, as well as the ensuing dangers brought on by isolation (OnPedia. com, par. 1), which are plain in many of his works.The same thinking was used as the underlying theme in this story, which is a narrative of the choices made by Parson Hooper, the local anesthetic parson who refused to convey the veil from his personthus causing him to be avoided by townsfolk and associated with the idea of evil and secrecy, or both. Strangely, but perhaps intentionally, the al-Quran veil may be turned around to spell evil, which in Hawthornes typical period of seventeenth-century New England (Merriman, par. 2) could be logically equated with sin.The skepticism then to be asked is inside Hoopers vow to wear the veilwas it to conceal a great sin? The answer may be revealed by a careful analysis of the story, identifying specific statements and moments that provide proof. II. Facades and Appearances Symbolism of the Black Veil The story begins with the townsfolks dismay at the veiled lease of their new look, Mr. Hooper, and is evident in a statement uttered by one of them I dont like it, muttered an old woman He has changed himself into something awful, unaccompanied by hiding his face. (Hawthorne, par.8). This reaction was most probably triggered by the common representation of the black veilgloom, death, sadnessas it is usually seen during funerals. It does not directly refer to an admission of sin, but rather to mourn for something but the people took its use to be for disguising ones real feelings, and therefore, must be a manifestation of guilt. Such is implied in their collective thought a s Mr. Hooper proceeded with the church service, did he seek to hide (his face) from the dread Being whom he was addressing? (Hawthorne, par. 10). Without unquestionable knowledge of Mr.Hoopers intentions, the townspeople had already passed judgment and concluded that the minister must be concealing a hole-and-corner(a), something so evil that he would not even face God without it. This assumption was further made correct in their minds as Mr. Hoopers sermon centered on the subject of secret sin, and how no matter it is relegated into the darkest corners, God is able to see it (Hawthorne, par. 12). Small-town societies, such as in the story, can be preoccupied with maintaining appearances and impressions the main goal is to present a favorable image of themselves as members of a system.Anything that goes against the accepted norms may be treated with curiosity at best, and ridicule at most. Clearly, the towns dumb rules did not include having a pastor tiring a black veil, due to the perceived meanings of the object. The outcome is thus the connection and interpretation found within their own social narrativein this case, secrecy, evil, and sin. III. Change and Acceptance Not For the Religious People during this era had a great attachment to their faith, exemplified by their firm obedience to all requisites of religion.Because of this, they had little or no tolerance for anything that ran against the accepted notions of religious tradition (Smith, par. 2)most especially the idea of a minister wearing a black veil. Gloom and darkness were instantly associated with Mr. Hooper, and produced images of supernatural events (Hawthorne, par. 18). Once more, the wealth of assumptions created by the townsfolk spoke greatly about their own values, and no(prenominal) truly giving value to Mr. Hoopers reasons. No one dared ask himexcept his fianceeregarding his use of the black veil the people were content to emit among themselves and further elaborate on their perce ptions.The appropriation of funerals is notable in the story, which then gives the reader a chance to associate the concept with Mr. Hoopers veil, but this was for certain not the mindset of the people they had already formed their own ideas regarding Mr. Hooper, his probable secret, and the darkness it evoked that consumed the whole town. IV. Truth and Consequence Revealing the Veils Purpose Curiously, the story includes as note that refers to another account of the wearing of the black veil one that involved yet another clergyman who wore the veil to his death due to his accidental murder of a friend (Hawthorne, par.2). This information, as provided by the author, lends itself to much argument and debate. On the one hand, the reader could assume that this was a veiled revelation of Mr. Hoopers real yet untold reason for donning the black veil on the other, it could be simply a comparison of deuce similar manifestations albeit with different objectives. Another clue that positions itself toward the belief that Mr. Hooper may indeed have committed a grave sin is his exchange with his fiancee Elizabeth, during which he asked. .. if I cover (my face) for sin, what mortal might not do the same? (Hawthorne, par. 37). And no matter how much Elizabeth tried to convince Mr. Hooper to tell her his reasons for not removing the veil, the minister remained firm in is resolve. In the ends, he chose to live in isolation, far from the woman he loved, for the motivation for hiding behind the veil was greater. But this isolation and focus on the consequences of sin drew sinners closer to Mr. Hooper it was perhaps his dark appearance and reputation that made them confess their sins easily, with the quest to ask for forgiveness, as is through in the presence of a priest.In the end, while on his deathbed, Mr. Hooper dealt the blow that would eventually explain, however cryptic, his possible reasons for wearing the veil Tremble also at from each one other I look around me, on e very visage a black veil (Hawthorne, par. 60). While some will conclude that the minister finally admitted to his secret sin, another interpretation runs toward his use of the veil only to make the people realize their hypocrisy and bad judgment. By his referring to the mystery by which (the veil) obscurely typifies has made (it) so awful? (Hawthorne, par. 60), Mr.Hooper denounced the isolation he had been subjected to by the evil in the minds of men, including his own religious brothers. Just by the sole use of the black veil, a lifetime of assumptions and judgment had been passed on to himobviously a sin created by malicious thinking. V. Conclusion If the reader were to assume that Mr. Hooper had committed a sin that he avowed to remain secret because of the bit of information about another priests use of a black veil, as well as the perceptions of society, then he or she would not be any different from the townsfolk. The presentation of various factsMr.Hoopers wearing of the ve il and his refusal to remove it the earlier incident of another veil being used and the affinity of the sinners with the ministerwere probably made to evoke the kind of reaction in a person, attack from the degree of evil in his or her mind. Nowhere in the story had any concrete proof of Mr. Hoopers supposed sin been shown, and coming to this kind of conclusion is born out of the readers own experience. The mention of the other priest who had worn a similar veil was only there to provide one reason it was not exactly meant to assume that Mr. Hoopers was the same.Also, the author specifically stated why the first priest had through sobecause of a murder he had committedwhich meant that it was revealed to the public at some point. In Mr. Hoopers case, no revelations of any kind were given, as he simply refused to remove it till his death. Mr. Hoopers character is a test of the townsfolksand the readerscore. Seeing how the townsfolk reacted, which is most credibly along the same line s as that of many readers of this story, Hawthornes theory of evil residing in the minds of men is validated.Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Ministers Black Veil. The Literature Network, 2009 http//www. online-literature. com/hawthorne/146/ The Ministers Black Veil. OnPedia. com, 2009. http//www. onpedia. com/encyclopedia/The-Minister%27s-Black-Veil Merriman, C. D. Nathaniel Hawthorne . Jalic, Inc. , 2007. http//www. online-literature. com/hawthorne/ Smith, Nicole. Analysis of The Ministers Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Article Myriad, 2007. http//www. articlemyriad. com/146. htm

Kyoto Protocol In Canada

The Kyoto Protocol has gigantic implications on the greenhouse gas emissions scene in Canada and indeed all industrial countries. Its targets for reducing emissions has face scepticism from both environmentalists who argue that it does not go far enough where as businesses and industry representatives grumble over the enormous costs that will be endured in the process of achieving these targets.This essay gives a picayune description and background to the Kyoto protocol in the Canadian context. It then focuses on the benefits and advantages of the Kyoto protocol to Canada while the belong section focuses on the disadvantages and potentially negative impact of the Kyoto protocol in Canada.BackgroundKyoto Protocol was signed in the Japanese city of Kyoto in the year 1997 between countries in order to decrease greenhouse emissions and homecoming climate change. The Protocol was signed a year later by Canada and formally ratified in late 2002 after a lengthy debate in the argument. The Liberal government in entrust decided to decrease greenhouse emissions in the country by 6% below what they were in 1990. This was designed to occur over five years between 2008 and 2012.After the Conservative government came to power in archeozoic 2006, they called the Kyoto targets unrealistic as well as unachievable. In turn, the new government decided to focus on developing Canadas suffer solutions to the problem, and decided to use the funds to improve the environment within Canada and not on global impute. It also decided to invest in the development of clean technologies.The Kyoto Protocol calls for these actions to be undertaken by national governmentsEncourage Huge Final Emitter SystemAt the end of 2005 the government added greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane to the list of toxic substances. This was done under the umbrella of Canadian Environmental Protection puzzle out in turn opening the doors to regulation.These regulations were published in 200 6 as dismantle of the Canada Gazette Part I and were followed by sector-specific greenhouse gas emissions targets. The deal was to decrease the total emissions by 45 mega lots in total.The Kyoto Promote Renewable EnergyThis particular hatchway offered the Wind Power Production Incentive as well as the Renewable Power Production Incentive. These chess openings included subsidy for producers of renewable energy of 1cent for ever Kwh of energy produced. These incentives were designed to decrease emissions by 15 mega tons in total.Promote Partnership FundDesigned to offer contribute to inter-government agreements, this fund offered cost sharing in order to sustain initiatives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. exchange was directed towards aiding the province of Ontario to close coal-fired power plants which were among the worst emitters.This had the potential to offer 10% of the reductions promised as part of Canadas Kyoto commitment of 6%. The Partnership Fund was also to o ffer financial support to Quebec for slaying its own climate change plan and also to help other provinces in decreasing their own emissions. These initiatives have the potential to reduce anywhere between 55 and 85 mega tons of greenhouse emissions.Promote ProgramsThis initiative has as part of it the Ener Guide program for homes and residential estates. It also promotes incentives for motorists to adopt more energy efficacy practices.As a pass on of the high success rate in the Ener Guide program, the government decided to shift in another $225 million in the program as part of budget in 2005 in order to increase 4 times the number of residential properties that had been retrofitted from 125,000 to half a million.One more initiative that found a lot of success was EGLIH (Ener Guide for Low Income Households) which was started in 2006. This program was designed to sacrifice the full cost for energy efficiency upgrades to those found to qualify as low-income households. These pro grams are expected to result in a net decrease of 40 mega tons over a period of 5 years.Promote the One-Tonne ChallengeDesigned as a public education program, it called for all Canadians to reduce their annual emissions of greenhouse gases from five tons to four tons. The exception for this program is to reduce emission by a total of 5 mega tons.Promote the climate FundThis fund was set up to establish a permanent institution that would buy emissions reduction as well as removal credits on behalf of the federal government. The Climate Fund was to buy credits from domestic as well as international sources which were recognized as well as authorize under the Kyoto Protocol. This program is expected to result in a net decrease of 75 to cxv mega tons in emissions.Negative impact of Kyoto protocolThe federal government allocated a billion dollars in the year 2003 in order to phase in the Kyoto protocol and to reach the target of cutting emissions by eight per centum of the total targe t. Compliance of the Kyoto agreement is administered by an institution called Environment Canada.This particular agency funded close to a hundred and fifty million dollars or roughly eighteen percent of the annual allocation of $841 million. By employing this as the standard, the cost to administer the Kyoto agreement was put at 1.18 billion dollars and this was to be funded by compendium taxes.

Contribute to the support of child and young person development Essay

1.2. Identify different observation methods and know why they atomic number 18 usedDifferent methods of observations are appropriate for different situations.Narrative (AKA running records).This methods are the ones where you write at the time what nipperren are doing, expose something interesting, or are tone of voiceing for a specific skill or area of development, simply writing down what you listen as is happening. This method is used as it digest provide a locomote picture of a child, and no preparation is unavoidablenessed. DiaryIs when a daily record is kept of what children adjudge done. This is often shared with parents and is useful for children and young people who do not have speech, like a baby or a young person with light uponing difficulties. This method is used as it can help other(a) to know what a child has been doing, and it also provides a long time record. anecdotalThese observations are the ones you have not actually seen but are points that others such as parents superpower classify you about, after something important or interesting has happened they can be written down in a diary or the childs records. This method is used as it can help other to know what a child has been doing in a different situation. Time SamplingThis observation lay offs you to look at what a child does over a period of time, such as morning or part of the afternoon. This method is used as it can provide a snapshot view of what the child doing and is also possible to record the activity of to a greater extent that one child. Event SampleA on the watch sheet is drawn up in advance considering carefully the type of information that extremitys to be collected. A column is put down for each piece of information. When the behaviour is seen, the person who has seen it should fill in the sheet, This method is used to look at how often and in what circumstances a child shows a fussy behaviour. ChecklistCheck list are easy to use because they focus the obs erver on particular aspects of child development. This method is used as it is quick and easy to use, and you can repeat the assessment and see the differences.3.1. Describe the different transitions children and young people may experience.Throughout childhood there are many a(prenominal) different points when children have to cope with changes. Some changes are difficult for children such as when parents separate or when someone close to them dies. As a result of changes, some childrens development can be affected. They fabricate afraid, tearful or on the other hand angry and frustrated. Knowing what type of transitions children might face can help us to support them.This table shows some of the more common transitions turned on(p)Change in family circumstancesParents might separate, new people might join the family (step-brothers), siblings might no be born, some close to the child might become ill or die, families may become short of money or become wealthier, parents might b oodle serveing away from home or longer hours, might lose their jobs or work from home. Changes in friendshipsA friend might bm away, friendships might change.Changes in carers/practitionerMight change nanny, au pair or motility childminder. somatogenicChange in locationMight move area or country might move home.PhysiologicalChanges in health and bodyMight become ill or develop a chronic medical condition that requires treatment. Going through puberty IntellectualChanges in scope (Each setting will have its own rules/style and expectations) Might move from pre-school or nursery, move from class, move schools, start going to breakfast or afternoon club. former(a)Daily transitionsMoving from one setting to another(prenominal) as part of their routine, going to a club or lesson. betwixt carersGoing between parents and practitioners.3.2 apologise how to give adult support for each of these transitions.EmotionalChange in family circumstancesWork most with parents and share informa tion about the childs needs, give them time to talk about what is happening, forgo them to express their feelings, reassure them, look out form more information from specialist organisations. Changes in friendships assist children to express their feelings, help them make new friends. Changes in carers/practitionerWork closely with other practitioners to fix more about the child, and visit them so they can get to know them. PhysicalChange in locationWork closely with parents, allow time to settle and talk about where they use to be or go, spend time getting to know each other to find out more about the child. PhysiologicalChanges in health and bodyWork closely with parents, look for more information, allow time for questions, reassure. IntellectualChanges in setting (Each setting will have its own rules/style and expectations) piece information about childrens needs strengths and interests, meet the person who will be with them,, involve the children. OtherDaily transitionsAllow time to settle and adjust, give plenty of warning and avoid rushing them. Between carersAim to be consistent, consider using a diary so everyone know what the child has done.4.1. inform how a work setting can encourage children and young peoples positivistic behaviour.In my work setting there is Positive Behaviour Policy that intents to manage childrens behaviours and has clear procedures that staff must follow to encourage confirmatory behaviour and also to manage unwanted behaviour.There are many ways in which we can help children/young people to learn about positive behaviour.Positive relationships play a key part in behaviour because children and young people need support and attention. Therefore is important to take time to talk and have fun with children.In the work setting we encourage positive behaviour by meeting their basics needs and listening to children and valuating their opinions, children need to express their feelings. It also important to provide a stimulating and challenging environment, so children can delight in and have fun while learning, we encourage this by planning the experiences well and giving children choices to allow children to learn about having some responsibility. Being inclusive and thinking about children as individuals and about what they need, showing positive behaviours such as kindness and taking turns and gentleness, also setting clear and fair boundaries that are accountability for their age. We reinforce positive behaviour by giving them praise, encouragements and rewards. We also encourage children to resolve conflict by themselves.

His/145 Native American Civil Rights

Native American obliging Rights HIS/145 Native American Civil Rights Native Americans were the people of the land before English settlers claimed the coupled States as it is today. Throughout time they have been mistreated by white people and forced to be Americanized. Their culture has almost died with their people, and to this day their rights can be challenged as unjustified. Before the 1960s, Native Americans were pretty ofttimes ignored by other groups of ethnicity, especially the whites.However, postwar of Vietnam sparked the American youth to fend politics, and Native Americans stood up for their civil rights as American people. In 1961, around sixty seven tribes do up of oer four hundred tribal members, met up in Chicago to find new directions of delivery all Native American tribes together to address wrongs of their people. They wanted the right to choose their feature way of life. Before Native Americans were seen as savages, the red men who killed attacked innocen t white men. But one get out of the movement was a change in the way popular culture saw Native Americans.By the 1970s films that once portrayed Indians as such savages, stopped. Some Indian activists persuaded some white schools to change the humble reference of Native Americans, such as Dartmouth College that once called their team the Indians. In 1968, a young belligerent group of Native Americans established A. I. M. which stands for American Indian Movement. It supporters were those of urban atomic number 18as but eventually established on reservations. In 1968 Congress passed the Indian Civil Rights Act, which recognized the legitimacy of tribal laws within the reservations.But leaders of call for and other insurgent groups were not satisfied and turned increasingly to direct action. In 1968, Indian fisher clashed with Washington State officials on the Columbia River and in Puget Sound, where Indians claimed that treaties gave them the exclusive right to fish. The Followi ng year, members of several tribes made a symbolic protest by occupying the abandoned federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco talk and claiming the site by right of discovery. (Brinkley, page 841-842 012) In the 1970 the president had promised increased tribal self-determination and other increase in federal aid for Native Americans but protests were still continuing. One of the most illustrious protests happened February 1973 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota. This was the site of the 1890 massacre of the Sioux Indians murdered in cold blood by American federal troops. AIM occupied and seized the town of Wounded Knee for about two months, demanding changes in their administration and asking the government to honor their treaty obligations that were said to be forgotten.Only one Indian was killed during this protest and another one wounded. The Indian civil rights movement, like most other civil rights movements of their times did not win full justice and equality for the ir people. The principal goal to some Native Americans was to defend, and protect their rights as Native Americans. As to other Native Americans it was equality. Native Americans wanted to win a place in society as an equal to all groups that made up Americans. However, there is no single Indian culture or tradition in America, so the movement to unite all Native American tribes failed.The Indian civil rights movement, for all the limitations it had endured, did accomplish winning a series of brand new licit rights and protections, which gave them a much stronger position in the twentieth century. (Brinkley, 2012 page 842) (Brinkley, 2012) Native Americans were typically unhealthy, ignored, and discriminated against as savage humans for many years. In the 1960s, the fact that young adults were protesting for their rights as civilians led Native Americans to fight for their own rights as well.They were awarded federal aid and their tribal laws on their reservations were awarded to t heir people, which basically means federal law has no say when it comes to any legal decisions made on an Indian reservation, where once before they did have a say. Native Americans today have ways to bring in money to tribes, such as Casinos, and are not treated as savages as they once were before the 1960s in American culture. source Brinkley, A. (2012). American History. Connecting with the Past, Fourteenth Edition (14th Ed. ). Not Sure McGraw-Hill Company.

Work Experience

For this experiment, my task is to produce an es assure explaining what my start experience workweek was like. Even though I cant put forevery detail down, I will write close to the near important parts of my week that will remain as good, and some also embarrassing memories. When I heard active work experience my first thoughts about it were, what if Im not good enough. and I wonder where Ill be put. To say the least, I was very nervous. We had forms to fill in about work experience. I had to tick off what I would prefer to do, so I chose to work in retail and fashion. So I was likely to work in a clothes shop, ironic every(prenominal) in ally thats where I got put.I was now officially working in Burtons. I cherished to work in retail because I was generally interested in fashion, as at the age I wanted to become a fashion designer. I soon realised working in retail had nonentity to do with the fashion itself, it did however, have a lot to do with private instructorine ss. At first I was a bit worried because I thought only men worked there, so to calm my nerves, me and a few of my friends decided to go and have a little look in there and see what its like. Luckily, I did see a couple of women in there so I realised that I wouldnt be the only one. Besides, working with young lads werent going to be a bad thing was it?As the time got closer, I had to start thinking about travel and what Id wear there. These small problems were soon easily solved. I decided that I would get the bus there, but because I was placed at the Burtons in Bracknell, I would have to leave about an hour before starting time, as buses took about 40-50 proceeding at rush hour. What I was going to wear soon became no object as I went obtain the weekend before. New clothes- every girls passion. So I was pretty much set I had my clothes, my way of life of getting there, and everything I needed was organised.Monday finally came, as I sat on the bus at 8. 0am, the nerves soon reap peared. For the next 40 minutes, I sat there thinking about what it would be like, but soon acknowledged that the majority of my year was in the same position as I was. I also recognised that it wouldnt be as bad as I thought. So when the bus stopped I walked positively towards the shop, the funny thing was, I was slightly early, so I had to stand outside, I felt a bit out of place at that point, and im sure I looked rather stupid. It didnt matter too much to me though I just concentrated on make a good impression. So I stood waiting patiently for the grey, shutter to slowly open.About ten minutes later, they eventually did. And the shop was up and ready for the day ahead. I stood up straight, and confidently walked towards the front desk where the employees were all gathered. I introduced myself and got fully acquainted with all the staff present. The manager, Andrea, gave me a brief introduction on what goes on at the store, and just small bits of necessary information id need to know to get me throughout the week like where my locker was based. She then sent me and another employee- Michael, down to the staff area to do my wellness and safety assessment, just to see what I knew about the process but before I went to do the assessment Michael took me outside to see where I would have to go if a fire occurred. This didnt take long. subsequently that I proceeded to do the assessment. It wasnt very interesting, in fact, I actually almost fell asleep move that aside, it was quite an eventful morning. Throughout that day, I just got to know a bit more about the staff I also asked a few questions about the shop as well, one that I asked was if they had cameras in the store itself, and Richard, another employee, express to me Would you like citizenry watching you whilst youre working all day? I dont think Ill ever forget that, in reply to his question, I said no.So Burtons didnt have security cameras? This led me onto thinking whether anyone stole from the s hop. Surely they didnt otherwise they would put cameras in, but I found out a bit later on that people do steal. This isnt good for their record either. So throughout the week Id hear one employee after another saying that they found a tag and coat hanger on the floor, this annoyed Andrea a lot. Another thing that annoyed Andrea was when a free radical of my friends all decided to come in and greet me on my first day.I knew that this wasnt very captain so I told them that they would have to leave. After that small incident, Andrea explained that I was to act like I was a real employee to Burton and my friends were not aloud to come in and distract me like they did. I understood that and carried on with what I was doing. My time at Burtons was fairly boring, with the work that is. I had to go around the shop making sure everything was in its rightful place another thing I had to do was sort the deliverance totes. I had to unwrap the products, tag them, cube them and then go and f ind where they were meant to go.It made the time go by, and I preferred doing this to walking around the shop organising the clothing. One thing I learnt from this was that in retail, the people dont strain the boxes boxes. They call them totes I dont know why this is but it just what they used. So that was what delivery was. This is all I tended to do during work experience. Id have a laugh with the other staff members, it helped because their ages ranged from 16 to 20. So I found it easy to get along with them. This helped me feel more comfortable there.Towards the end of the week, a couple of the staff decided to play a little joke on me, so when I got back off my 15 minute break, Richard told me to go downstairs to see Andrea. So I give up what I was going to get on with, and pondered down to see her. She and another employee gave me a task. This was to walk over to Topshop, and ask the manager for a long weight me being unaware of this joke, agreed to it and went to do what they had asked. I wasnt very thinking about what they had asked for, I was thinking more about not making any mistakes.So when I arrived, I went to the front desk and asked for the long weight. The lady at the till looked at me puzzled for a second, and then called for assistance. the manager came out and told me it was a joke, and that there was no such thing as a long weight, well apart from the long wait I had received from the long weight. Once I had understood what had happened, me and my extremely red face exited the store and remained back to Burtons. Only to come back to be laughed at more, I was not amused I just continued back to my work and didnt say much after that.So that was my embarrassing moment I guess it could have been worse, but I still didnt appreciate being humiliated in front of a shop full of strangers. save despite that incident, I found the week to be a big wake up call in all honesty. I never thought that working in a shop could ever be so tiring I was o n my feet for seven and a half hours. As I had an hour for lunch and two fifteen minute breaks. The thing was, when the shop had very few customers, that was the most tiring part, because there was nothing there to keep me occupied. For all five days, there was at least an hour where this occurred. I dreaded itIn conclusion, I found the week very productive, I learnt a lot more than I expected to, met new people, got an insight about what real work is, and my real accomplishment getting to work on time everyday. I was very proud of myself for this, and it still amazes me to this day. I would defiantly advise for the work experience programme to continue as it worked wonders for me, and to thank me for the work I did, Andrea gave me a box of maltesars for the hard work and dedication I put in there. She also said that I had a place there to work if I wanted it. I didnt take up the offer as I dont feel thats the best place for me.

Police officers Essay

Have you ever been in a situation where you find yourself stuck between veneer consequences for things you havent done and giving in to someone who seems to be on a mightiness trip and is taking improvement of their superiority over you? Whether it be a manager taking advantage of his power in the work place or a law of nature man or char doing unnecessary and over the top things to you. Abuse of power seems to be a common thing in some police officers every day life and this is not okay. It is very app argonnt what a police officers job is and that is to protect and serve the community and make sure that real criminals ar being served justice, besides some may come across police officers that use the fact that they have badges and weapons to their advantage in order to basic all(prenominal)(prenominal)y become a bully instead of a hero. Of course not all police officers are dispirit, most are actually doing their job and are concerned with the safety of all people and not ju st their own but those few that are corrupt need to be stopped and be punished for their police brutality and/or abuse of power.So the question is, are police men and women being evaluated thoroughly enough so as not to hire corrupt officers? Are police officers being punished and or brought to justice because of their wrong doings? In this newsprint I will bring some cases of police brutality and or abuse of police powers to your precaution as well as if and how police are being punished because of their illegal or low-spirited right cruel behavior. Becoming a police officer is far from an easy task as it should be, but why is it that after so much questioning and tests of integrity and moral values citizens are becoming more and more victimized by police officers? In my opinion police officers are not being as extensively tested for a corrupt mind set as we are led to believe they are.Possible police officers are asked questions on a polygraph test that generally tie in with t he questions asked in the application process so as to get details and plain the truth out of anything remotely suspicious on the application. These questions mostly having to do with drug use or theft and anything that may prove an officer to be dishonest about questions already asked prior to the polygraph. These questions save rarely have to do with how officers view a citizens race, religion, gender, levels of class, etc. For example, a police officer is not asked in a polygraph test if he does not like Muslim people or if he is disgusted by gay individuals.

E-Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

E- lineage - Case Study ExampleHoffman & Novak (199651) described the internet as a phenomenal market opportunity.This same definition was later echoed by Palmer & Griffith (199845) when they state that, the internet has created a new conversion in marketing by providing much more than just a new medium through which organization communicate to the public. E-marketing has become an important phenomenal for Business to Business, Consumers to Consumers as well as Business to consumers marketing. As the fight of market shares and quest for harvest-home success continue, e-strategy has offered marketers and businesses all the necessary tactics, and methods to give their product a break through, or remain competitive (Frost et al. 2001). This assignment examines and evaluates the bring out chain management functions of an ebusiness. utilise Wal-Mart as a case study, the paper examines the electronic business platform of the placement with attention on the supply chain.Supply chain management (SCM) is a tactical and management dickhead employed by present day business to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and customers so that a companys production is produced, distributed at the accountability quantities, locations, and the right time (Cheng, Lai & Gunasekaran 2006). This is to minimize system wide costs while live up to service-level requirements (Cheng, Lai & Gunasekaran 2006). ... victimisation Wal-Mart as a case study, the paper examines the electronic business platform of the organisation with attention on the supply chain.1.1Overview of Supply Chain ManagementSupply chain management (SCM) is a tactical and management tool employed by present day business to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and customers so that a companys merchandise is produced, distributed at the right quantities, locations, and the right time (Cheng, Lai & Gunasekaran 2006). This is to minimize system wide costs while satisfyin g service-level requirements (Cheng, Lai & Gunasekaran 2006). Today, SCM gained momentum and received due attention from practitioners and researchers. It has become present day managerial competitive heavy weapon for improving performance (Ramsay 2000). To minimize wastages and meet up with customers demand. Customers and suppliers are important stakeholders. Stakeholders are those individual or groups who depend on the organisation to fulfill their own goals and on whom, in turn, the organisation depends (Johnson et al 2005179). An organisation SCM set the pace and the platform for this to take place.Wal-mart is the largest grocery seller in the United States with estimated 20% of the retail grocery and consumable business as well as the largest toy seller in the States having 22% share of the market, and the highest private employer with about 1.9million workers and employees. The company had a net income of US$11.3Billion in 2007. Thus, this study was initiated to study the a pplication of supply chain management strategy in Wal-mart in its electronic business platform. Using Porters competitive advantage, Porters value chain framework, and the SWOT analysis, the company was